By: Saitkulova Matluba
Abstract– This article is about human capital and human capital management, the human and his abilities, knowledge, skills, proper management of human capital, investing in human capital and thereby increasing the level of workforce in the enterprise. covered about.
Key words: Human capital, management efficiency, labor productivity, socio-economic policy, human factor, productivity management, factors affecting productivity, latest technologies, global information systems.
A person and his abilities, knowledge, skills have become the main factor of the well-being of any society and the economic development of the state. Today, attention is paid to human capital in Uzbekistan and it is shown as a priority direction of social economic policy. Development of human capital is a prerequisite for the development of innovative economy, knowledge economy, investments, global information systems, the latest technologies and new forms of business. Among the various characteristics that make up human potential, human capital represents the characteristics that affect the change of income. Human capital is a collection of knowledge and skills used to meet the various needs of society.
Each activity involving human capital consists of a number of processes used in organizations to improve and optimize. In any organization, whether public or private, it is important to implement strategic plans based on optimization of processes, taking into account the development of human capital, striving for the joint growth of administrative and production efficiency. World experience and practice show that , the country is making high progress by investing in human capital. It is necessary and useful to pay attention to education in the period from 3 to 22 years old. According to the experts of the field, investing in early childhood is the most effective than other programs, because the beginning of the development process of human capital is at 3-4 years old. comes, and from this point the child begins to have the ability to determine his own destiny and self-expression in the future, learns to apply his abilities in the labor market.
The level and quality of education is necessary for both the state and citizens. It is an indicator of the quality of human capital and an important factor ensuring economic growth.
Human factors are a decisive factor in achieving the goals set for the company. The goals are achieved when workers and employees have enough opportunities and motivation to achieve medium and long-term goals, the direction of business should be oriented towards these actions, in which they have a unique style in planning annual activities. In the business world, it represents a method of managing actions that leads any organization to develop its activities in all aspects. In order to integrate human capital management, it is necessary to implement processes that include various factors, which should be managed by managers and trained professional staff. Over time, new work tools directly related to the growth of the organization are introduced. is being done. These are aimed at training and training that allow the optimization of each work unit, analyzing workers’ profiles to seek balance and improve working conditions and production capacities.
Managers are part of the leadership team that must focus on establishing human capital management. It is important to provide alternative options for competence in each work unit, where goals can lead to internal growth and development in order to increase overall capacity, which may challenge aspects that promote development.
Each organization has different objectives depending on the type of business or branch it is dedicated to, it is not possible to create human capital management plans in financial companies similar to those used in manufacturing or service companies, it is important to determine which . They are the real goals of the company to be able to manage the resources. However, there are aspects that can be approached from a general perspective in every organization. This allows them to be applied to any organization, these common goals are used by company leaders. To analyze, identify and manage the needs of the entire human component of the organization, the idea is to make improvements for individual and corporate growth. To achieve the goals in the organization It is necessary to put forward ideas that will help, that is, when there are difficulties or problems, it is necessary to develop different strategies to solve them. Constantly review the condition and quality of workers, monitor their condition in each field, etc. The goal is to help them learn and grow in their ability to apply learning to help them grow. Setting standards based on moral values and respect. It is important that employees have a sense of belonging where the spirit of work leads them to achieve the proposed goals.
New talent entering the organization must adapt to achieve actions that allow them to seek optimal performance. This is a necessity that every company must give to human capital management, which determines the implementation of measures to promote productivity and growth among employees over time.
In any human capital management process, there are fundamentals that support actions and procedures. These should be given to all working groups as a mandate to carry out operational plans, these principles include:
Legal aspects
This is one of the main factors in the implementation of management. It helps to ideally manage and enforce the laws that protect every personal and administrative action of the organization. In order to maintain a stable and balanced relationship with all workers, it is important to maintain the criteria of legal obligation.
Obligation
Creating situations where employees feel comfortable is something every manager should consider when implementing a human capital management strategy. Employee loyalty increases when there is trust and empathy towards the organization, similarly it should not only focus on employee loyalty, managing directors and even managers should take responsibility towards the company.
Everyone needs to know how far their authority will go so that they don’t overstep or exceed their duties. Cooperation between human resources and the organization is carried out through procedures, which should be related to the consideration of employees in their work; Also associated with increased commitment are:
The positive actions of each employee should be reinforced, the action should be taken into account and evaluated. To help employees solve their problems, it is necessary to establish a real and reliable communication where they can be heard.
To motivate actions, it is important to implement processes that include rewards, to use the evaluation of the employee’s skills. the value of zi increases.
It is important to invest in different areas to achieve growth across the organization. By this we mean investment in human capital, which is the responsibility of every manager and should be a part of any company’s policy. Personal growth and the development of intellectual abilities directly affect the company’s growth. Investing in employees is a vital task, and when employees are trained in work teams, activities and processes are carried out with high efficiency. Training and human development programs should take into account aspects that can be considered by the majority of employees in the organization’s territory. , without diminishing or excluding those with less opportunities. Rather, strategies should focus on this human factor.
Promoting and protecting the management of human capital while enhancing the reputation of the organization should be carried out by managers and professionals dedicated to the field of human resources. Every organization should have an administrative unit to manage all processes related to this issue.
The idea is to increase the company’s corporate image in a short period of time. In this sense, the values and competences of all work units must be strengthened to apply work methods and optimize processes to achieve goals. Efforts are also based on business branding and marketing, if the directors or owners of companies consider it so strategies should be focused on promoting advertising campaigns. The idea is to look for business alternatives where companies with very optimal management can be involved.
Use of technological tools.
This process greatly helps in managing and measuring the level of capacity and growth, which helps to know where the organization is at. To measure the quality of human capital management, it is necessary to use technological tools to create reports and data that reflect the true state of the company.
In the current information age, it is important to pay more attention to digital knowledge and information technologies in order for society to develop more stably and achieve progress. Because the digital economy is growing rapidly in many countries of the world, especially in developed countries. However, information about its concept and quantitative indicators, the sphere of influence in certain sectors and industries remains conflicting and limited.
It is very important to forecast its perspective, penetration into social and economic networks and to what extent it will affect them. According to the level of widespread introduction of modern information and communication and digital technologies, a new industrial revolution called “Industry 4.0” or “Digital economy” is being observed in the most developed countries. In the new innovative economy, which includes the previous stages of development, the boundaries in the physical, digital, social and biological aspects of life are gradually disappearing. It can be clearly observed in the example of the experience of countries that began to develop at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century.
New professions and jobs will appear in the creation and management of digital technologies. In order to be competitive in the new economy, employers need to focus on the skills of workers rather than the number of workers.
Selection and placement of personnel in management activities, effective use of their activities in their place, management according to the high productivity indicator means effective management. Ensuring sustainable high performance applies to all management tasks and connecting process communications, providing leadership. The issue of proper organization of management is important in the organization of management and increasing labor productivity. The organizational process is the basis for uniting management labor resources, various information and communication tools, and people to achieve the set goal. As a result of effective organization of management (that is, clarity of organizational processes), optimal use of resources reduces the decrease in labor productivity as a result of misunderstanding in the distribution of the obligations of executives, and puts an end to the violation of the interaction of organizational departments. Correctly established organizational processes allow to increase labor productivity, employees to be interested in labor productivity. The organizational structure of management determines the interaction between management and employees at all levels. If an organization reduces the number of managers working on its behalf without negatively affecting its performance, productivity will be higher than expected. Organizational structure can affect productivity in less obvious ways. For example, sometimes experts and scientists who know how to do things have a negative attitude to a task given strictly from above. In this case, they are not satisfied with the result of their work, so their work is not fruitful. Organizations related to the field of culture and art, which require a creative approach, will have wider opportunities in the competition, because their work consists of examples of creativity. At the same time, the proper use of modern technologies serves to increase the organization’s income and increase productivity. It is known from experience that small organizations sometimes operate more efficiently than large organizations if they organize work properly. It is known from experience that in order for the organization to work effectively, the performance of a task should be assigned to a specific person or department and appropriate powers should be given to him. Human capital and labor productivity It is known that the human factor, human intelligence is one of the main factors that ensure labor productivity and economic efficiency. Organizations with good management should take into account the human factor, pay attention to the interests and interests of employees in the organization. It creates a great work environment and the productivity of the work in this organization is more than necessary. Man always strives for innovation and development. He tries to prove his work, his potential, what he is capable of. Incentive or attention in labor activity only supports and strengthens it. A modern employee has more knowledge than his predecessors, it is natural that he strives to actively participate in the activities of the organization. Authoritarian leadership of such an employee is ineffective. Managers who believe that promotion is the basis of labor productivity know well that the organization is moving towards a long-term perspective, and we must not forget that attention and recognition have always been a guarantee of success, especially in the field of culture and art. It’s no secret that mental stress has a negative impact on work productivity. The effectiveness of the organization’s management is determined by the final results of its activities, and the effectiveness of the management process is understood as the effectiveness of management. The following factors ensure the achievement of efficiency in management:
– if a person always controls his way of thinking and pays special attention to the important issues to be considered, if he takes into account not to think about all kinds of unimportant things in vain;
– to check all work, make detailed lists, place and classify problems according to their importance, strictly follow the plan of necessary and important work;
– to study every discussed issue to the smallest detail, not to overlook anything;
– in discussions, he should put forward the opinions he believes in the most and admit his opinions;
– Of course, advancing one’s independent thought and idea in any activity is the most important victory for a person.
Summary. Human capital plays an important role in developed countries. Human capital management is a system of organizational, socio-economic, psychological, ethical and legal relations aimed at ensuring the effective use of human potential for the benefit of the individual employee and the enterprise as a whole. Researching labor relations and human activities in the enterprise, these scientific researches are carried out at the following levels: the level of management processes; enterprise level and human level. Human capital management or Human capital management refers to the types of activities of both individual managers and the entire management apparatus, first of all, the system of management activities.
Formation of personnel capacity is the organization of personal labor relations based on the procedures established by the personnel management service.
Saitkulova Matluba
Uzbekistan
A student of the Faculty of Economics
Elizabeth Angira