The Art Of Public Speaking

Human society has emerged, and different ways of using words and speech, conveying and receiving ideas within its capabilities have been formed. The role of public speaking is incomparable in the era of the development of time, the rapid development of people’s worldview and highly advanced technologies. At a time when there is a sharp and cruel struggle for the hearts and minds of the people on a global scale, the time demands the ability to respond to this process with deep knowledge and enlightenment, mastering the art of conveying ideas through oratory skills. On all fronts, the effect of public speaking is invaluable in leading the entire community forward, awakening a sense of patriotism, and eliminating certain human vices. It is known that the art of public speaking was formed in Greece at the beginning of the 5th century BC. The names of creative orators such as Aristotle, Demosthenes, and Cicero are world famous. They brought rhetoric, that is, the art of speaking to high heights. Aristotle explained that if there is no clarity in the speech, the intended goal cannot be achieved, and the main achievement of the art of speaking is its clarity and comprehensibility. The speaker should apply the speech to the general public only after thoroughly studying the speech he is preparing. These requirements have not lost their importance until now. These ideas of Aristotle are accepted as theories in the current school of rhetoric.

Freedom of thought prevailed in the speeches of Cicero, who became famous for court oratory, and the philosophical, political, and moral views of the orator were always harmoniously embodied. As an orator, Cicero paid special attention to the issue of emotional impact on his audience. That is why his speeches often contain lofty words, phrases and sentences, and the general direction of his speech was inclined to a grandiose style. However, among this magnificence, he also used simplicity, humor, and rhetorical questions. From this point of view, his style of speech was similar to a mixed and generalized style.

Cicero attached special importance to the fluency, beauty, expressiveness and musicality of the text. In his opinion, “the main goal of any speaker is to arouse the pleasure of the listener and make him inclined.” That is why, as we mentioned above, Cicero paid more attention to emotional impact. Even now, important steps are being taken in the study of this field. We can give examples like Dale Carnegie, Eric Toms, Anthony Robbins. Self-confidence is highly valued in Dale Carnegie’s thoughts on public speaking. Cicero also recognized in his book “The Art of Oratory” that “The existence of self-confidence is a great wealth” [4]. A speaker’s self-confidence is enhanced when he feels as if he has already passed these steps, so that he feels confident in front of the audience. The listener listens attentively without any doubt to the words of the speaker. In conclusion, we thought that it is permissible to mention our views on public speaking. First of all, the speaker should pay attention to the speech material he is preparing. Must be able to properly place the introduction, body and conclusion. In order not to bore the listeners, it is useful to use various stories or anecdotes and use gestures (hand movements). Clarity and brevity should be the main and daily weapons of the speaker.

Erkinboyeva Hulkar