Maftuna Yusupboyeva
India takes one of the leading places in the world in terms of the growth of the number of periodical press publications. 49 thousand 145 newspapers and magazines are published in the territory of the country.
For example, in the last years of the last century, their number was 46,655, but today, their number has increased by 5.34% in a short period of time.
Multilingualism is characteristic of the Indian press, and press publications in the country are published in more than 100 languages. Most periodicals – 19,865 are published in Hindi, 7,715 in English, 2,848 in Urdu. Daily newspapers are published in almost all Indian languages (dialects) except Kashmiri. Periodicals are published in all states and territories of the country.
Uttar Pradesh is the leading state in publishing daily newspapers. In the early years of the 21st century, the total number of Indian newspapers was 12 billion. Until now, the press has not lost its leadership among mass media in the country.
The character of the press publications is different, they are issued with the help of various social, national, economic companies, as well as with the help of large organizations specialized for the press. In particular, 733 press publications are published by “Indian Newspaper Society” (INS – “Indian Newspaper Society”). 338 of them are daily, 105 weekly, 56 biweekly, 54 monthly and other types of publications. Among its newspapers, Indian Today, the largest and most popular, has a circulation of 410,055.
Indian Press Publications
The largest press publications in India include the following (numbers: 1996 data): “Molyanan Monashara” – 811,639 copies “Gujarat Samachar” – 680,517 copies “Times of India” – 988,676 copies “Sandin” – 537,083 copies “Sandi Times” – 1,090. 453 copies. “The Hindu” – 536,438 copies. “Ananda Bazar Patrike” – 503,604 copies
Indian Broadcasting Corporation
India is a country where nearly 70% of its population is illiterate, and this certainly does not diminish the role of radio and television in the country. There are more than 48 radio stations in India, which broadcast in more than 80 dialects relatively dominant to those regions, depending on the local conditions.
All India Radio is popular in the country for its news, talk shows, rural specials, debates, music, literature and children’s programs. A number of commercial radio channels also operate in central cities such as Calcutta, Bombay, Madras and Delhi.
The basis of their programs are advertisements and programs aimed at foreign audiences. The first television station in India was opened on September 15, 1959. In the 1960s and 1970s, telecentres were opened one after the other in Delhi and Bombay, and by 1974 in Madras, Calcutta and Kanpur.
Television began to receive the status of a non-governmental organization. From April 1976, the state television was separated from the All India Radio and became known as Durdarshan.
In recent years, in 1980-1990, significant positive changes were made in the field of television in order to reduce the existing mass illiteracy in the country and to prevent the possible information deficit.
These changes are explained by the introduction of attracting private investments to the television industry along with state funding and, as a result, the issues of new technical technology and personnel qualification were easily solved .
There are a number of serious obstacles to the rapid spread of Indian television activities and programs across the country.
One of them is that nearly 70 percent of the population lives in rural areas, and most of the villages are not electrified or still have serious deficiencies in electricity supply. At present, one-third of the programs on Indian television are entertainment, 20-25% educational, 20% informational and the rest on social and other serious issues.
Author: Maftuna Yusupboyeva, Uzbekistan
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