Methodology Of Teaching English To Preschool And Primary School Children
Ibrohimova Dildora
Supervisor: Ikhtiyor Umirov, Associate Professor, UzSWLU, Applied Sciences Department.
Author: Dildora Ibrohimova
Annotation: This article provides information about teaching English grammar, vocabulary, and speaking to children, emphasizing the importance of working with each child individually, taking into account their temperaments.
Keywords: foreign language, phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, temperament, melancholic, choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic.
The preschool period of a child’s life is considered to be from 3 to 7 years old. Education and upbringing provided to preschoolers should focus on mastering complex actions, developing elementary hygiene, cultural and labor skills, developing oral speech, and forming the initial sprouts of social morality and aesthetic taste. During this period, the needs and interests of preschoolers rapidly increase, with children spending most of their time playing. This means that teaching English through fun games during this age will be more effective than other methods. If we delve deeper: play becomes so significant in children’s lives that it encompasses adult labor, thinking about various things, and even daydreaming. Most importantly, there is a certain precision in their play activities. It’s appropriate to direct this precision towards language learning.
Moreover, it is crucial to pay special attention to each child’s temperament (a combination of innate and stable psychological characteristics that define an individual’s behavior) during the process of teaching them a foreign language.
Some children, specifically melancholics (people prone to sadness, depression, and low moods), have weak nervous systems, are easily upset, impressionable, and slow to adapt to new environments.
They should be taught phonetics or grammar gradually, and games without competition should be organized for them. They need a special approach, meaning they should be taught to tolerate competition. This is because melancholics may easily give up on their goals if they realize they lack the will or nerve to overcome obstacles they encounter on the way. Therefore, a gentle approach is required when teaching them foreign languages.
Cholerics (people who can withstand significant mental stress) are accustomed to a very active lifestyle. Once they get interested in something, they won’t give up until it’s finished. Organizing competitions and debates on various topics for such children will strengthen their understanding of the subject and increase their interest in learning it. This method can be applied when memorizing vocabulary, as they will be more motivated to memorize more words to win. For example, if the topic of animals is being covered and the teacher announces that whoever remembers and recites the most animal names in English will win the lesson and receive a reward, the students will be motivated to memorize more animal names. Sanguine people (those with strong, balanced, but excited and inhibited processes) have a robust nervous system and are serious and composed. Their speech is fast, their voices are loud, and they use facial expressions and gestures when they speak. Such people will thoroughly understand any grammatical topic covered in class. The key is to keep them interested in the lesson. Moreover, they can pronounce difficult words beautifully. Phlegmatic people (those who stand out from others due to the strong, balanced, and inert type of their nervous system) have slow movements and smooth speech. While working with them, they may lag behind others in completing certain tasks, but their artistic talent should not be underestimated. During the process of working with such children, the teacher should be patient and require them to speak something in English. This is because their speech is usually well-developed.
Therefore, a teacher needs to have sufficient methodologies to engage every talented child in the lesson. It is necessary to create an environment that promotes English language learning. For example, at the beginning of the lesson, the teacher leads all the children in singing a pleasant song and they all dance to its melody. This, in itself, will strengthen their bodies, make them more alert, and help them learn the lyrics of the song faster. This environment allows for a natural transition to a good learning atmosphere.Another effective method is teaching the foreign language through cartoons. We all know that young children enjoy watching cartoons and often learn from them. If we encourage them to watch English cartoons, they will learn both how to pronounce words and memorize vocabulary faster. Imagine how much easier it is to remember the names of fruits like “apple” or “banana” by seeing them in cartoons. This is because remembering what you see is significantly more effective than simply memorizing something you read. Several studies have been conducted on this topic.
Currently, all preschools in China are equipped with multimedia devices. Children are taught English through songs, poems, stories, and videos. This turns boring language lessons into an exciting daily play.
Multimedia-based teaching provides teachers with great opportunities. It can increase children’s interest to a high level and hold their attention for a long time. Through this, we can see the improvement in children’s language skills.
This leads us to the conclusion that to teach English to young children, it is necessary to create an English environment and organize interesting exercises and games based on each child’s worldview and temperament. It is important to note that English is now considered a language learned by all strata of society. Many people are learning this language, especially young people, who make up a significant percentage. Therefore, if every learner is taught with good methods and methodologies, the results will continue to improve. Additionally, educational tools and multimedia resources will also contribute to this process. This means that teaching through multimedia and fun games, rather than simply daily lessons, will undoubtedly be effective, and children will learn English faster.
Ibrohimova Dildora was born on May 7, 2005 in the Kitab district of Kashkadarya region. She is a student of the Uzbekistan State University of World Languages, HT-2, faculty, group 2324. She has been writing poems and stories since she was young . Now she is also writing articles
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