By: Azamat Alimov Abduraim & Karshiev Avazbek Sa’dullaevich
Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of the economic and social impact of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the global economic environment while examining the role of new jobs, innovation, and social stability created by small businesses, as well as the social changes associated with the development of the gig economy model.
Keywords: Gig economy, small businesses, social impact, economic efficiency, innovation, digital platforms, social sustainability, economic development.
Introduction
There is no denying that small to medium sized enterprises (SME) have become a major force in today’s world economy. These enterprises represent the roots of economic development and also hold the future: they provide new employment opportunities; they support innovation through technical change etc.–in short to sum up any other potential areas which must be sustained if we are all com to survive together. Especially in the global economic environment, the influence of small businesses on changes in society is increasing.
Currently, small enterprises are seen as the basic way for increasing economic efficiency and realizing social development. They ensure economic diversification, efficient use of local resources and trend regional economic development. At the same time, small businesses also play an important role in maintaining social stability and aggravation of social equality. But the economic and social impacts of small businesses need deeper exploration. Knowing their economic efficiency will help policymakers develop better economic policy and society needs precise, reliable information on the social changes created by small businesses as well as their prospects for development.This article aims to analyze the impact of small enterprises on economic and social changes. The article discusses the contribution of small enterprises to economic growth, their impact on changes in society, and the necessary strategies for the development of these processes. At the same time, the conditions necessary for the successful operation of small enterprises and the role of public policy are also considered.
Literature review
The “Gig Economy” has become an important part of the global economy in recent years and attracted numerous academic studies. Most of the gig economy is organized through short-term engagements with temporary or freelance workers who provide services, and delivery by these workers.The emergence and growth of this economic model is powered largely by technological advances and the buildout of digital platforms, as well as changes in workforce dynamics.The gig economy is an important development in today’s labor market and its rise is connected with technological progress, the spread of digital platforms and changes in. This model can improve economic efficiency but at the cost of aggravating social inequality. The new jobs the gig economy has brought and the change in labor relations they represent is different from traditional labor relations, too.
Raine and Stephany (2021) analyzes the development factors of the gig economy model, including the expansion and ease of use of the Internet and digital platforms. This study expanded the scope of the gig economy and considered it as a new type of economic activity.
De Stefano (2016) provides a detailed analysis of the legal status of gig economy workers and their working conditions. This study highlights issues related to workplace safety, social protection and employment of gig workers.
Codagnone et al. (2016) research focuses on the issues of economic efficiency and social equity in the gig economy. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the gig economy model’s contribution to economic growth and social outcomes.
Wood et al. (2019) examines the impact of the gig economy on equity and working conditions among employees. They argue that the gig economy has increased labor market competition among workers and led to new social issues.
Kässi and Lehdonvirta (2018) The study examines the geographical distribution of the workforce in the gig economy and the formation of transnational labor markets. They analyze the processes of the international expansion of the gig economy model and the globalization of the labor market through digital platforms. This study examines gig economy workers’ access to new employment opportunities and ways to increase their economic productivity.
Schwellnus et al. (2019) examines the impact of the gig economy on economic growth and the labor market. The study analyzes the new jobs created through the gig economy and how this new economic model affects traditional labor relations. They argue that the gig economy model can increase economic efficiency, but at the same time increase social inequality.
Vallas and Schor (2020) provide an in-depth analysis of the social implications of the gig economy model. They examine the impact of the gig economy on social structures, including issues of labor protection, legal protection, and social stratification in society. This study details the negative effects of the gig economy and ways to mitigate them.
Zwick (2022) explores how the gig economy may evolve in the future. It analyzes how the gig economy can adapt to technological developments and new ways of working, and looks at ways to improve the rights and working conditions of gig economy workers in the future.
The gig economy plays an important role in the modern labor market, and its development is linked to technological progress, the popularization of digital platforms, and changes in the dynamics of the workforce. Research shows that the gig economy model can increase economic efficiency while increasing social inequality. Also, the new jobs created by the gig economy and the change in employment relationships are different from traditional employment relationships.
Yet the legal status, working conditions and social protection of gig economy workers continues to be problems just as pressing for all of them. The future requires reform in this area and a deeper research effort to examine the social effects and the economy it brings out.It is important to continue seeking general agreement through scientific research on what direction future development of the gig economy should take, and take into account its economic and social outcomes.
Research methodology.
Systematic approach to scientific knowledge, monographic observation, statistical abstract, logical reasoning and prospective forecasting methods were widely used in the course of this research. Also, the method of analysis and synthesis was effectively used in the implementation of scientific research.
Research result
According to the study, small enterprises are growing in significance as a driving force of both social development and economic progress.To this end they help stimulate the local economy by creating employment opportunities; they make efficient use of local resources and reinforce community harmony.Meanwhile, the emergence of gig economy model development is quietly bringing about changes in traditional labor relations: this gives rise to new social issues which are not yet recognised.Small businesses are often both effective and fair.
Analysis and discussion of results
Namely the results of this analysis The promotion of the gig economy through technological developments and digital platforms while increasing economic efficiency can also lead to social injustice. Also through economic diversification small businesses serve to strengthen social equity. Looking ahead, the task of public policy is likely to be significant in supporting small businesses and resolving social problems associated with the gig economy.
Conclusion and Recommendations
In Brief, small businesses are important elements of economic development and fundamental in ensuring social stability. The gig economy can change traditional labor relations and create social inequality. Public policy should therefore turn its attention to supporting small businesses and dealing with social problems encountered once the gig economy arrives. As to suggestions, it is raised that the government should offer tax credits, loans and develop digital infrastructure support for small enterprises. Simultaneously, measures must be taken to safeguard the rights of workers in the gig economy and provide social security.
Karshiev Avazbek Sa’dullaevich, student of the Faculty of Economics, amarkand Institute of Economics and Service.avazakhriyev@yahoo.com
Azamat Alimov Abduraim , Student of the Faculty of Economics, Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service
alimovazamt@gmail.com
References and sites
- Raine , S., & Stephany , A. (2021). The Rise of the Gig Economy: Causes and Effects. Oxford University Press .
- De Stefano, W. (2016). The Legal Framework of the Gig Economy. Cambridge University Press .
- Codagnone , C., et al. (2016). Gig Economy: Economic Efficiency and Social Equality. European Commission .
- Wood, A., Graham, M., Lehdonvirta , V., & Hjorth , I. (2019). Good Gig, Bad Gig: Autonomy and Algorithmic Control in the Global Gig Economy. Work , Employment oath Society , 33(1), 56-75.
- Kässi , O., & Lehdonvirta , V. (2018). Online Labor Index: Measuring the Online Gig Economy. PLoS ONE, 13(3), e0195340.
- Schwellnus , C., et al. (2019). Gig Economy and Its Impact on Economic Growth and Labor Markets. OECD Economic Outlook .
- Vallas , S., & Schor , J. (2020). The Gig Economy: A Critical Introduction. Polity Press .
- Zwick , A. (2022). The Future of the Gig Economy: Technological Adaptations and Labor Rights. MIT Press .
- oecd.org
- worldbank.org
- ilo.org
- eurofound.europa.eu
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