Kushakova Barno Komilovna
Master’s student at Urgench Ranch University of Technology
Abstract: The modern family plays a crucial role in shaping a child’s personality, yet the issue of violence against children remains relevant. This article explores the theoretical foundations of domestic violence, its types, and consequences. Special attention is given to the psychological and social aspects of child abuse and its impact on personality development. The factors contributing to family violence and possible prevention measures are analyzed. Methods for identifying cases of violence and child protection measures are examined. The importance of prevention and family support is emphasized. The necessity of implementing educational and legal measures to combat domestic violence is substantiated.
Keywords: family, children, violence, domestic violence, psychological impact, social problem, personality development, legal measures, prevention, child protection, types of violence, upbringing, parental responsibility, pedagogical approach, psychological support
ENTRANCE
The importance of the family in modern society is increasing, as it plays a key role in the formation of children’s personality and social adaptation. However, the problem of violence against children in the family remains relevant. Various forms of violence – physical, psychological, emotional and economic – have a serious impact on the mental state and future life of children. Numerous studies show that children exposed to domestic violence are prone to problems such as stress, depression and self-doubt. This creates certain difficulties in their educational process, social relationships and professional activities. Preventing violence against children and reducing its consequences is one of the main tasks of society. Legal, pedagogical and psychological approaches are of great importance in this regard. This problem can be solved by identifying cases of violence, eliminating them and developing mechanisms for providing psychological assistance to children. One of the urgent issues in society is improving the relationship between parents, educators and specialists with children, developing activities to protect their rights.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS ON THE TOPIC
In the process of studying the theoretical foundations of the concept of violence against children, various scientific sources, international documents and national legislation were analyzed. In the scientific literature, the concept of violence is studied from a psychological, sociological and legal perspective, each of which offers its own approach to this issue. The social learning theory put forward by Bandura emphasizes that violence is a learned behavior, that is, the aggression observed by a child in the family is more likely to be repeated in his life. According to Bowlby’s attachment theory, violence used by parents can seriously damage the child’s trust system and cause problems in his future relationships. In the sociological approach, violence in the family is explained in relation to the social environment, economic conditions and cultural values. Studies by Straus and Gelles show the prevalence of family violence and its connection with social factors. Also, research on the dynamics of family relationships reveals how family stress, conflict, and control mechanisms affect violence. Legal sources are based on an analysis of international and national regulatory and legal instruments adopted to combat violence against children. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is one of the main international instruments on the protection of children from violence. Reports published by the World Health Organization and UNICEF reveal the global scale of violence against children and recommend prevention strategies. The Law “On the Rights of the Child” and the Family Code are of great importance within the framework of national legislation on the protection of children in the Republic of Uzbekistan. These legal instruments include mechanisms for the prevention of violence against children, the rehabilitation of child victims, and their protection. Practical research has studied in detail the real-life manifestations of violence against children and its consequences. Finkelhor analyzed the psychological and social consequences of physical and sexual abuse of children, and found that such experiences affect the child’s entire life. Garbarino studied the influence of the social environment of children and families on their development and made recommendations for improving the child protection system. Kempe’s research introduced the concept of “Child Abuse Syndrome” into scientific circulation and emphasized the role of medicine and law enforcement agencies in combating domestic violence. An analysis of the literature shows that there are different scientific approaches to the issue of violence against children,each of them reveals different aspects of the problem.
Psychological research explains the impact of violence on personal development, sociological approaches analyze social and economic factors, and legal research aims to develop legal mechanisms for protecting children. Therefore, it is important to use literature from various disciplines to comprehensively study this topic.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology includes scientific methods, approaches and analytical methods used in the study of this topic. This study aims to study the theoretical foundations of the concept of violence against children, identify its various forms and influencing factors, as well as develop proposals for preventive and protective measures. and regulatory documents were analyzed. An integrated approach was used in data collection and analysis, combining qualitative and quantitative research methods. Within the framework of the theoretical methods of the study, the phenomenon of violence against children was studied from various scientific perspectives. By analyzing the scientific literature and previously conducted research, a definition of existing approaches and concepts was developed. Previously published scientific articles, monographs, dissertations and reports of international organizations on the psychological, pedagogical and legal aspects of violence were studied.
Within the framework of quantitative research methods, the prevalence of violence against children, its main causes and consequences were studied through statistical analysis and questionnaires. Surveys were conducted among representatives of different strata of society – parents, teachers, psychologists and law enforcement officers. Based on the results obtained, the scale of the problem and its regional characteristics were determined. Within the framework of qualitative research methods, individual interviews with children, psychological tests and experiments were conducted. During the study, it was determined how the impact of family violence is manifested at the individual and social levels, and effective ways to eliminate it.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
The analysis and results section provides an in-depth analysis of the types, causes, and consequences of violence against children in modern families, and important conclusions are drawn based on the results of empirical research. The results of the study showed that the main types of domestic violence are physical, psychological, emotional, and economic violence, each of which negatively affects the mental state and social development of children. Physical violence manifests itself in the form of beatings, coercion, and the use of various punishments, while psychological violence is carried out through humiliation, constant pressure, threats, and insults. Emotional violence is characterized by neglect, lack of affection, and rejection of a child, which reduces his or her self-esteem and increases his or her susceptibility to depression. Economic violence is carried out by deliberately depriving the child of material needs and imposing financial dependence on him or her. The results of the survey conducted as part of the study showed that the majority of respondents had observed or personally experienced cases of violence against children in the family. When analyzing the parenting styles of parents, it was found that authoritarian and repressive approaches prevail, which can cause serious harm to the psyche of children. In addition, it was found that one of the main causes of family violence is socio-economic difficulties, psychological pressure on parents, and insufficiently formed culture of communication with children. Also, the quality of communication between parents and children in the family was analyzed, and it was found that in many cases the opinion of children is not taken into account, and effective communication with them is not carried out.
Psychological analysis has shown that children exposed to violence develop problems such as low self-esteem, aggression, social withdrawal, depression and anxiety. The long-term consequences of violence are associated with an increased likelihood of children repeating such negative experiences in their own lives, negatively affecting their future family relationships and professional activities. Due to the weak system of cooperation between law enforcement agencies and educational institutions, most cases of child violence are not officially registered or are not addressed in a timely manner. This complicates the rehabilitation process of child victims and limits the ability to fully protect their rights. Therefore, there is a need to further improve legal mechanisms for the protection of children’s rights and strengthen preventive measures. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that it is important to develop and implement preventive programs to prevent domestic violence. It is necessary to organize psychological trainings for children and parents with the participation of educators and psychologists, establish family psychology counseling services, as well as conduct awareness-raising campaigns aimed at improving the attitude towards children in society. To strengthen the child protection system, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation between legal and psychological services, develop special programs for early detection and prevention of cases of violence. At the same time, it was emphasized that in order to reduce violence against children, it is necessary to improve the culture of family upbringing, provide pedagogical and psychological training to parents, as well as strengthen the implementation of laws on the protection of children’s rights.
Overall, the results of the study shed light on the scale of the problem of violence against children, its main causes and consequences. It was determined that there is a need to strengthen measures to prevent and eliminate cases of violence, improve the legal framework for child protection, and increase attention to this issue in society. The results of the study showed the importance of developing a systematic approach to ensuring the development of children in a safe and healthy environment.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
The results of the study showed that the problem of violence against children in modern families is still relevant. The negative impact of physical, psychological, emotional and economic violence on the psyche and social development of children was revealed. During the study, it was noted that the majority of respondents had observed cases of domestic violence or had experienced it in their own experience. Conflicts in the family environment, socio-economic difficulties and shortcomings in the upbringing of parents were identified as the main factors causing this problem. According to the results of the study, it is necessary to improve legal, psychological and social mechanisms to prevent domestic violence and protect the rights of children.
Suggestions:
It is necessary to develop effective measures to prevent domestic violence and protect the rights of children. In this regard, it is important to strengthen cooperation between state bodies, educational institutions, psychologists and public organizations. The following proposals are put forward:
- Strengthening the legal framework:It is necessary to improve the legislative framework aimed at protecting children’s rights, strengthen practical mechanisms to combat domestic violence, and strengthen penalties for perpetrators of violence.
- Expanding psychological and educational programs:It is important to establish psychological training, pedagogical courses and consulting services for parents, and organize events aimed at improving the culture of communication with children.
- Increasing the role of the public and the media:It is necessary to raise public awareness about the negative consequences of violence and the protection of children’s rights through widespread promotion through the media, social media, and community initiatives.
At the same time, it is necessary to implement comprehensive measures and further strengthen cooperation between state and non-state organizations to create a healthy and safe family environment for raising children.
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