By: Otaniyozova Mukhlisa Bakhtiyorovna
Worth Noting:
- Evaporation of water on the ground and its re-falling as rains replace each other, that is, liquid water circulates in a natural balance. 116-124 cm of water evaporates from the surface of the oceans per year and 107-114 cm of rain falls on their surface, and about 47 cm of water evaporates from the land and 71 cm per year.
- There is a fire in the thickness. In the seas and oceans, the difference between evaporation and return is smoothed out by river currents. 45 thousand km per year from rivers to seas and oceans. water is poured around the cube.
Knowing the importance of water, people have built houses and cities on the banks of rivers and lakes since ancient times, and nomadic peoples were always looking for places with water. People always seek places with water for recreation. Bathing in water is the main means of keeping a person healthy and exercising. As the German scientist G. Liebmann said, “In order for people to stay healthy on our planet, there should be enough clean, drinkable water, not technical miracles.”
Water is a supreme blessing given by nature for the survival of all living beings. We cannot imagine our daily life without water. Water is of great importance in maintaining human health.
The development of agriculture and animal husbandry, the production of cheap electricity, the organization of industrial production and the use of means of transport, health care and other important sectors of the national economy, as well as the daily life of people, cannot be imagined without water.
The reserve of water resources in the biosphere is very large, it is about 1.5 billion km. equal to the cube. These reserves are divided into 2 types – ancient reserves, i.e. eternal glaciers, and renewable reserves, i.e. water that circulates in nature.
Evaporation of water on the ground and its re-falling as rains replace each other, that is, liquid water circulates in a natural balance. 116-124 cm of water evaporates from the surface of the oceans per year and 107-114 cm of rain falls on their surface, and about 47 cm of water evaporates from the land and 71 cm per year.
There is a fire in the thickness. In the seas and oceans, the difference between evaporation and return is smoothed out by river currents. 45 thousand km per year from rivers to seas and oceans. water is poured around the cube.
There is not much fresh water reserve, its total volume is 28.25 km. equal to the cube. This is only 2% of the hydrosphere. Over the next five years, new lands were developed and the rate of water extraction was increased. Only in 1939, 55 canals with a total length of 1332 km were built in Uzbekistan with the help of the people. The length of the Great Fergana canal alone is 344 km. and it was mined in 45 days.
In 1940, the Southern Fergana canal was dug. During these years, great efforts were made to provide water for agriculture in the Vakhsh and Hisar valleys in Tajikistan, in the middle and lower reaches of the Amudarya, and in the Murghab oases in Turkmenistan. The Aravan Canal was built in Kyrgyzstan.
In the years of the Second World War, the volume in Uzbekistan was 100 million. m. The Kattakorgon water reservoir was built. The main water arteries of Uzbekistan are the Amudarya, Syrdarya, Zarafshan, Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya, Chirchiq and Ohangaron rivers, and only a small part of the total volume of water flowing in these rivers is 10 km. cube is created on the territory of the republic.
This amount is only 15% of the annual water consumption in the republic. The main part of the water of the rivers flowing through Uzbekistan originates in the regions outside the republic. Amudarya is the largest river in Uzbekistan. Its length is 1440 km, of which the annual average is 78 km. cubic water flows.
This water covers 227,000 square meters of the mountainous area. km. is collected from the square. Although the Syr Darya is longer (2140 km), its annual flow is twice less than the Amudarya – 36 km. cube Its water is 150 thousand square meters. km. collected from the field. The total number of large and small reservoirs in the republic is 53, and their length is 16 km. cubic water is collected.
The water of the lakes located in the plain is 70 km. forms a cube. Annual consumption of water in Uzbekistan is 62-65 km. It is about 25 km of water. cube from Amudarya, 11 km. cube from Syrdarya, 19 km. cube from other rivers and 9-10 km. cube is taken from underground. 85% of these consumed waters (53-55 cubic km.) are used for irrigated agriculture, 12% (6 cubic km.) for industrial needs and 3% (1.7 cubic km.) for communal needs. About half of the used water (23-25 km. cubic) is released through ditches and into open water basins, the remaining 8-10 km. and the cube is thrown into small rivers and lakes.
In recent years, the use of mineral fertilizers and chemical poisons in agriculture has been somewhat regulated. Accordingly, pollution of surface and underground water with such wastes has significantly decreased. But despite this, the pollution of water resources in the republic with industrial and household waste water continues.
The work of 600 water purification facilities operating in the territory of the republic is not fully effective – half of them work unsatisfactory. Water pollution is especially high in regions with many industrial enterprises, including Tashkent and Fargona regions.
With the increase in population, the expansion of cities, the growth of industrial production and the increasing use of toxic substances in agriculture, water pollution was increasing until the following years. 1994 was a turning point in improving the quality of surface water.
Since this year, the level of water pollution has been stopped and even reduced in some places. For example, the level of pollution of the water of the irrigators in the Amudarya and Bukhara regions has decreased a little
Improper use of water, excessive pollution of water due to industrial waste, improper direction of waste and seepage water, pollution of collector water causes the problem of water shortage among the population. Due to the fact that the water from some rivers or canals does not reach the population in agriculture, many cultivated areas are in an unusable condition.
Jerameel Kevins Owuor Odhiambo