Images In The Epic Ramayana

By: Saidova Mahzuna Farhod 

Abstract. This article talks about the epic “Ramayana”, which is a famous ancient Indian epic, and at the same time about each character, character, and their characteristics, their definition and description.

Keywords: Ramayana, epic, character, hero, Rama, Sita, Ravana.

Epos is a Greek word that means story. In the epos, the past of peoples, the events that happened in a certain period are described in the language of the storyteller. One of its main features is that it is often written in prose. In the epic, through words, an artistic reality is created in the reader’s imagination that corresponds to real life.

I would like you to explain the core of ancient tales, myths and legends… The main idea of ​​these is to lighten the burden of workers in ancient times, to increase their work productivity, to arm themselves against four-legged and two-legged enemies, and to use the power of words – “avrash”, “spell” to protect people from the dangers of nature. aimed at influencing events.

Before talking about “Ramayana” and its characters, let’s briefly get acquainted with its plot.

The play begins with Dasharatha, the king of Kushala, being childless. He prays to the gods for a blessing. Lord Vishnu, the savior, receives a divine boon and gives it to Dasharatha. The king gives divine blessings to his wives. After this, the king’s first wife Kavshaliya gives birth to the first son Rama, his second wife Kaikeyi gives birth to Bhorata, and his third wife gives birth to twins Lakshmana and Shatrughna. Children grow up.

Lakshmana is in love with Rama and Shatrughna is in love with Bhorata. The sage Vishramitra asks Dasharatha to take Rama to protect his forest abode from the Rokshas. Lakshmana also joins them. Rama tames the Rokshas in the forest.

After that Vishvamitra invites Rama and Lakshmana to the land of Mithila. King Jonak was performing a great sacrifice there. He was also tough. Jonak was plowing the ground with a holy plow in order to build a mihrab suitable for sacrifice, when suddenly a girl came out of the field. Jonak takes her as his own child and names her Sita, meaning Egat.

The princess grows up. Jonak proclaims to the whole world, “Whoever can tie a string to Shiva’s magic rainbow, I will give Sita to him.” Rama accomplishes this. Jonak declares Sita to be the head of Rama. King Dasharatha was getting old and weak. He wants to leave Rama as the heir to the throne. But after hearing this, Kaikeyi is chased away by the blacksmith Monthra and conspires to put Bhorata on the throne.

He orders Ramani to go into exile for 14 years. Rama begins to live in the forest. Meanwhile Dasharatha dies. Kaikeyi tells Bhorata the whole truth about how she got him on the throne. Hearing this, Bhorata leaves his mother and goes in search of Rama. He finds Rama, begs him to return home and sit on the throne, but Rama refuses and stays in the forest. After some time, a conflict arises between Ravana, the ruler of the Rokshas, ​​and Rama. Ravan kidnaps Sita. Rama rescues Sita with the help of the monkey king Sugriva and returns to his homeland. Bhorata hands over the kingdom to Rama.

Dasharatha – King of Kushala, skilled hunter, loving father, forced to exile Rama to the forest for 14 years because of his wife Kaikeyi. Even then Rama said, “Don’t look at my words, my son! Put me in prison with my hands and feet tied, and sit on the throne, the throne is yours!” he begs.

Vishnu, the savior god, will be born as the four sons of Dasharatha. A sage who gave a divine boon for Dasharatha to have a child.

Kovshalya – Dasharatha’s first wife, wife of wives, Rama’s mother.

Kaikeyi – Dasharatha’s mean, beloved wife, Bhorata’s mother.

Sumitra – Dasharatha’s younger wife, mother of Lakshmana and Shatrughna.

Rama is the main character of the work, a brave and brave prince. He embodies the mind of Brihospati and the passion of Indra. It is no exaggeration to say that the work is dedicated to Rama.

Bhorata is a brave, brave prince. His brother tries to bring Rama back home and eventually returns the throne to him as well.

Lakshmana is one of the small towns. He is very fond of Rama, even goes with him in exile.

Jonak – King of Mithila, Sita’s father.

Sita – Queen of Mithila, daughter of Jonak, daughter of Rama. A symbol of loyalty. When Rama is exiled for 14 years, he insists that if I don’t go with you, I’m dead, and Rama is forced to take Sita away.

Ravana is the king of the island of Lanka. In the play, Ravana falls in love with Rama’s daughter Sita, but when she rejects him, he transforms into a monstrous figure and abducts her. The epic mainly portrays Ravana as a villain.

Hanuman is the symbol of duty of honor. Child of the wind god. Hanuman helps Rama a lot in finding Sita.

Sugriva – king of monkeys, ruler of Rokshas is wounded by a spear. He played an important role in the rescue of Sita.

Valadi Danu – enemy of gods, demons, children of Danu.

Aditi is the mother of the twelve goddesses, including Varuna, the god of the ocean, Indra, the god of lightning, and Surya, the god of the sun. In the play, Kovshalya, Rama’s mother, is equated with Aditi.

In addition, several mountain names are mentioned in the work:

✓ Sahya

✓ Krishna

✓ Vindhya

✓ Astochal

✓ Gandhamadana is the name of the mountain rich in flowers. ✓ One of the Himalayan ranges.

“Ramayana” is also one of the rarest works whose essence is deep, its content is taken from real life and expressed in mythical and fantastic forms. It has undergone several revisions over the centuries, but it is nevertheless considered to be the oldest and literally the first example of fiction (“adikavya”) in the history of Indian culture, and its author (said to be Valmiki) the first poet (“adikavi”). . In it, love for the country, loyalty in love, value for the benefit of good, courage in the army; truthfulness, promise, justice are sung, oppression and violence, treachery and hypocrisy, selfishness and unnecessary bloodshed, disastrous conflicts and deadly wars are condemned, good will surely triumph over evil , the idea that justice and peace will certainly be celebrated is “proved”. Separation of lovers, pains of separation and infidelity are very important in it, and they are expressed with high artistic skill.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the reason why this ancient work has been passed down from century to century, from generation to generation, is that the images and characters in it show positive qualities, heroism in the path of goodness, and the victory of goodness over evil.

In general, the dedication of the work to Rama, the introduction of Rama and Sita as the main characters, and the portrayal of Rama as a brave, brave, and virtuous young man in the work will not leave any reader indifferent, that is, it will attract him. This work, written in ancient Sanskrit, was translated into Uzbek by Muhammad Ali Ahmedov. Epos is also enriched with folk products. In addition, the influence of this work can be felt in the composition of several works created in Eastern and Western literature.

The daughter of Saidova Mahzuna Farhod was born on July 24, 2004 in Kitab District, Kashkadarya Region. Currently, he is a second-year student of the Uzbek language and literature department of the Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute.

The article “Devonu lug’at at – the study of some old Turkish terms in the Turkish work” was published in the international scientific journal “Modern Science and Research”. In addition, the article “The influence of Arabic language on the development of the Uzbek language” took place at the scientific-practical conference on the topic “Current issues of teaching the Uzbek language as a mother tongue and as a foreign language” organized at the Shahrisabz Pedagogical Institute. Participant of the international scientific and creative almanac “NEW RENAISSANCE YOUTH” and “Creative Flight” collections. Several of his articles have been published in English in the international magazines “Kenya Times” and “Raven Cage”.