Usanova Muhklisa Tangirbek
By: Usanova Muhklisa Tangirbek
Nowruz is a holiday celebrated by different ethnic groups all over the world. It is a holiday based on the vernal equinox and is celebrated on or around the first day of the new year in the Iranian Hijri solar calendar, March 21 in the Gregorian calendar.
Nowruz originates from the Zoroastrian religion of Iran and is therefore considered a tradition of Iranian peoples, but it has been celebrated by various communities in West Asia, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Black Sea Basin, the Balkans, and South Asia for more than 3,000 years.
Now a secular holiday for most celebrants, Nowruz remains a holy day for Zoroastrians, celebrated by people of many religions and backgrounds, and widely celebrated by Baha’is and some Muslim communities. As the vernal equinox day, Nowruz marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, that is, the moment when the Sun crosses the celestial equator and equalizes day and night is precisely calculated every year.
Traditional traditions of Nowruz include fire and water, ritual dances, exchange of gifts, recitation of poetry, symbolic objects, etc.; these customs differ in the different nations and countries that celebrate the holiday. The first day of the Iranian calendar is the March equinox, the first day of spring, around March 21.
In the 11th century AD, the Iranian calendar was reformed by Umar Khayyam in order to set the beginning of the calendar year, namely Nowruz, on the vernal equinox. Accordingly, the definition of Nowruz given by the Iranian astronomer Tusi was as follows: “The first day of the official New Year (Nawroz) was always the day when the sun entered Aries before noon.” Nowruz is the first day of Farvardin month, the first month of the Iranian solar calendar, which is the official calendar used in Iran and previously in Afghanistan.
The United Nations officially recognized “International Nowruz Day” in February 2010 with the adoption of Resolution 64/253 by the United Nations General Assembly. Etymology The word Nowruz is a combination of the Persian words “nav” (now meaning “new”) and “ruz” (ruz, “day”).
In Azerbaijan, preparations for Nowruz usually start a month in advance, and the festival is held every Tuesday four weeks before Nowruz. Every Tuesday, people celebrate the day of one of the four elements – water, fire, earth and wind. On the eve of the holiday, the graves of relatives are visited and cared for. [ citation needed ] Iranians sing the poetic line “my yellow is yours, your red is mine”, which means “my weakness is for you, your strength is for me” (Persian: سرکی تو از من, زردی من از tu , romanized: sorkhi-ye to az man, zardi-ye man az to ) to the fire during the holiday, asking to remove diseases and problems and replace them with warmth, health and energy.
Trail mix and berries are also served during the celebration. Spooning (کاشق زنی, کاشوک زانی) is a tradition observed on the eve of Charshanbe Suri, similar to the Halloween trick-or-treating tradition.
In Iran, people wear masks and go door-to-door, spooning on plates or bowls and taking packaged snacks. In Azerbaijan, on the last Tuesday before Nowruz, children sneak into their neighbors’ houses and apartments, knock on doors, leave hats or small baskets on the doorstep, and hide nearby to wait for candy, candies and nuts.
In Armenia, the ceremony of jumping over fire continued in the Armenian Apostolic Church and the Armenian Catholic Church on the Feast of Trnez, a feast of purification celebrated forty days after the birth of Jesus. Ancient Roots In Iranian mythology, there are various legends based on the Nowruz holiday. “Shahnoma” dedicates the foundation of Nowruz holiday to the legendary Iranian king Jamshid, who saved mankind from the winter that was destined to kill every living thing.
To defeat the murderous winter, Jamshid built a throne decorated with precious stones. He was commanded by the demons to raise him from earth to heaven; he sat there shining like the sun.
The creatures of the world gathered around him, scattered the jewels, and announced that it was a new day. It was the first day of Farvardin, the first month of the Iranian calendar. Although it is not clear whether the Proto-Indo-Iranians celebrated the festival as the first day of the calendar, it is possible that the Iranians observed the beginning of autumn and spring in connection with the harvest and sowing of seeds information is available New Year holiday.
Mary Boyce and Franz Grenet explain the seasonal holiday traditions, commenting: “The grandeur of the Babylonian festivals at this season may have led the Iranians to convert their spring festival into a New Year’s celebration.The name Navasarda means “New Year” (a name that dates back to the Achaemenid period, though attested through Middle Persian Latin).” The Persian historian Gardizi, in his Zain al-Akhbar, mentions Nowruz (among other holidays) in the section on Zoroastrian festivals.
Mentions that Zarathustra emphasized the celebration of Navruz and Mehrgan holidays. The only countries that officially celebrated Navruz in modern times were Iran and Afghanistan declared Navruz as a national holiday in 2010. Visiting family and friends during Navruz holidays. they are expected to make short visits to their neighbors’ homes.The young usually visit their elders first, and the elders return later. Guests are offered tea and pastries, cookies, fresh and dried fruit and mixed nuts or other snacks.
Many Iranians throw large Nowruz parties as a way to bridge the long distances between friends and family groups. New Year’s dishes One of the dishes most often cooked during the Navruz holiday is Samanu (Samanak, Somank, Somalek). This dish is prepared using wheat seeds. This dish is cooked in many countries that celebrate Nowruz.
In some countries, the preparation of this dish is associated with certain rituals. Women and girls living in different regions of Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan cook samanu in groups, sometimes at night and sing unforgettable songs while cooking. It is also common to prepare other dishes during Nowruz. For example, on the night of Eid, carrot polo with fish is eaten, and sweets such as Nan-e Nokhodchi are also eaten. In general, it is customary to prepare Navruz dishes in every region where Navruz is celebrated, and each region has its own dishes and sweets.
Usanova Muhklisa Tangirbek was born on February 26, 2003 in Zaamin District, Jizzakh Region. Currently, she is a 2nd year student of the Faculty of Eastern Civilization and History of the Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies. Her initial achievements are the 1st place in the Zakovat intellectual game “Creative” team at the university.
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