Rakhimbayeva Madina
By: Rakhimbayeva Madina
Worth Noting:
- Comenius opposes oral memorization without understanding its meaning when teaching the principle of consciousness. He believes that “nothing should be memorized by force except what is well understood with intelligence.” Comenius demands that education be systematic.
- The material being read should be explained to the students as basic rules. In teaching, it is necessary to move from evidence to conclusions, from examples to laws, to put evidence and examples into a system of rules, and to generalize them; otherwise an unsystematic pile of events will be formed.
- First, he gives a general understanding of the thing, that is, the phenomenon, and then shows that it is necessary to separate its various aspects. According to the principle of consistency, it is necessary to set a task for the day, month, year and strive for its implementation.
Abstract: The promotion of educational ideals and the school education system in the didactic views of Jan Amon Comenius
Key words: Jan Amos Comenius, school education, didactics, teaching system, educational idea, pedagogical influence.
In his pedagogical theory, he put forward the concept of the nature of education in his pedagogical theory. According to his work “Great didactics”, teaching should obey naturalness; teaching should obey the demands of nature. The process of mental and physical growth of a child is similar to the process of growth in nature.
For example, bogbon takes care of trees, taking into account its hanging characteristics. In the same way, the teacher takes into account the characteristics of the child while educating him. As a gardener observes the law of hanging, a teacher obeys the law of education.
The learning process is slow, like nature. Comenius, the educator should increase the talent in the child. If the child lives without pedagogic influence, this talent hangs by chance. A person is born with a unique talent. Just like the seeds in an apple, sometimes more and sometimes less.
During Comensky’s time, there was an idea that it is not necessary to train everyone, but only those who are capable. When talking about general education, it also takes women into account. Leakage was a huge problem for women during this period, yet she brings it up.
Another valuable aspect of Comenius’ teaching is that students have an understanding of learning. No matter how dusty the mirror is, a person can still see a little reflection, and a clean mirror shows a clear reflection.
The task of the teacher is to wipe the dust from the mirror, that is, to convey knowledge to the child’s mind, to make it intellectual. Comenius shows the purpose of education in his works. The goal of education can be realized through lifelong education:
- Mental education.
- Moral education.
- Religious education.
This goal is realized from the child’s birth to the age of 24. During this period, the child should complete the first level of school, 6 years in each. Following the principle of naturalness, Comenius divides the child’s age into periods:
- From birth to 6 years – mother school.
During this period, it is very important to develop the child’s sensory organs, to familiarize the child with the surrounding world. A mother creates the basics of moral education in a child, correctness, truthfulness, listening, love of work and others. Mother’s school focuses on the education of children of kindergarten age.
- Up to 6-12 years old – folk school or native language school.
In this case, the student has to remember, organize to adjust, write, form elementary school knowledge, and for this he has to organize geometry, geography, and natural sciences.
- Up to the age of 12-18 – gymnasium.
The task of this educational institution is to develop the child’s understanding and thinking ability, and it should be taught classical languages, medical knowledge, ethics, piety.
- University, academy up to the age of 18-24.
These educational institutions should nurture the student’s will and personality. Thus, according to Comenius, the school should teach students to think, to move, to be able to independently solve problems in practice, to adjust, to express their opinion correctly and to prove it. Work glorifies a person, says Comensky. That is why he advocates that work should be taught from a young age. He called demonstrability the “Golden Rule” of teaching. In the principle of demonstrability: a) show the child real things, b) explain the world through pictures, d) show the model of things, e) the teacher’s voice.
In his work, Comensky says that the things being read and organized should be caught, seen, eaten, and smelled, and this leads to deep knowledge of the organized material and its long-term memory.
Comenius opposes oral memorization without understanding its meaning when teaching the principle of consciousness. He believes that “nothing should be memorized by force except what is well understood with intelligence.” Comenius demands that education be systematic.
The material being read should be explained to the students as basic rules. In teaching, it is necessary to move from evidence to conclusions, from examples to laws, to put evidence and examples into a system of rules, and to generalize them; otherwise an unsystematic pile of events will be formed.
First, he gives a general understanding of the thing, that is, the phenomenon, and then shows that it is necessary to separate its various aspects. According to the principle of consistency, it is necessary to set a task for the day, month, year and strive for its implementation.
In this case, it is necessary to determine the exact time, the flow should be suitable for the child’s age, the material should be organized consistently, that is, the material of today should be connected with the material of tomorrow, and it should be opened for the material that will be released later.
Comenius introduced the concept of having quarters in the school year and giving holidays. He defined the school day as 4 hours in the mother tongue school and 6 hours in the Latin school. He believed that students should be admitted to the school at the same time, and the flow should begin in the fall.
Comenius gave valuable ideas about how a textbook should be and wrote several textbooks that were exemplary for his time. He implemented his theoretical ideas in his textbooks. Comenius said that it is necessary to form morals and manners in a child from a young age.
Courage is a virtue that includes qualities such as self-restraint, endurance, being ready to benefit when time and situation demand, and fulfilling one’s duty. In addition to these basic qualities, humility, faithfulness, benevolence to people, cleanliness, thoroughness, politeness, respect for elders are important.
Considers it an important task to educate the qualities of patriotism.
Comenius shows the great importance of discipline and cites the Czech proverb: “A school without discipline is a mill without water.” He opposes the discipline imposed by the cane in medieval schools. He says that beatings and whips are tools of slavery. He tells children that they should be treated humanely.
Thus, Jan Amos Comenius founded the science of pedagogy throughout the world and greatly influenced the development of the school.
Rakhimbayeva Madina was born on February 4, 2001 in the village of Ming Bogholon, Yangibozor district, Khorezm region. She is a student of the 2nd stage, group 221 of the Urganch State Pedagogical Institute. She likes to read books. She writes articles in her spare time. She is the author of many scientific articles. Her creative works have been published in many magazines. She is a participant in various competitions
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