Ilyasova Nozikhan
By: Ilyasova Nozikhan
Key words: Halicarnassus, Tyranny, Cicero, Greece, treatise, Olvia, Asia Minor, Athens, Furia, Phoenicia, Pericles, Myphia, Lydia, Persian state, Achaemenids, Olympic Games, Scythians, Massagetes, Euphrates, Tigris, Ephesus, Susa, Sardis.
Abstract: This article describes Herodotus and his personality, works, and life. Along with this, it will be explained where Herodotus was and which countries he traveled to. Heradot’s actions throughout his life, his relations with the neighboring states, according to the territory of which state he was in, were highlighted in his works.
HERODOTUS PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY
Herodotus of Halicarnassus (approx. 484-425 BC) is the first complete historical treatise, “History”, describing the Greco-Persian wars and the customs of many peoples of his time. The author. Herod’s works had a great place in ancient culture. Cicero calls him “the father of history” during his lifetime. Herodotus (Greek: Herodotos) (between 490 and 480 BC,
Halicarnassus in the south-west of Asia Minor – approx. 425 BC, Athens or Furia, Southern Italy) – the name “father of history” Greek historian who received In his youth, he actively fought against autocratic power (tyranny), but because of such a simple decision of Herodotus, he was not liked, and when such power was established in Halicarnassus, he was forced to leave his homeland. He lived in Samos for some time. Mil. av. tax In 455-447, all of Asia Minor, Egypt, Babylon, Phoenicia, Cyrene, Greek cities in the Balkans.
Traveling along the shores of the Black Sea (to the city of Olvia), the Scythians spoke about collected information. Lived in Athens for a long time; Herodotus’ closeness to Pericles, the leader of the Athenian democracy, strongly influenced his political views.
Herodotus approx. 443years ‘ Moved from Athens to Furia. The country where Herodotus was born was rich in historical adventures. Having heard such historical events,
Herodotus later rightfully became the creator of historical events.
Herodotus’s hometown of Halicarnassus is suppressed by the Paniasid in a rebellion against Lagdimids, governor of Halicarnassus. And Herodotus is banished from the country. After that, the future historian will travel around Asia.
During his travels along the coast of the Black Sea, Herodotus hears interesting information about Olivia and the Scythians living near them.
Herodotus had previously read about the Scythians and became interested in them. Herodotus spends some time on the island of Samos, and then travels around Asia. Herodotus first comes to Susa, the capital of the Achaemenid state.
It will be in the cities of Ephesus and Sardis. “Galis” in Asia Minor flows through the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in Mesopotamia. According to Herodotus, nomadic Massagetae lived on the banks of the Caspian.
Massagets ate fish meat, pardana and milky foods. The people of this land were very militant. It is said that even the king of Iran, Cyrus II (Kaykhusrav), could not subjugate them. Herodotus also spoke extensively about the nature of Mesopotamia and Babylonia.
There are two opinions about whether Herodotus came to the island regions or not. These places are close to the Aral Sea, and some researchers Herodotus if they say that they did not come to the countries, others say that they did.
Herodotus provides valuable information about Central Asia. It confirms the existence of several governorships in these lands, which are dependent on Iran.
These governorates are called by their name. Including Hyrcania, Bactrian Caspian Sogds, Khorasmites and Aryans, among the names that require an explanation here, “Aryans” were peoples located in the western part of Afghanistan. G.’s work is tentatively titled “History” and is dedicated to the most important political event in the history of the Greeks – the Greco- Persian wars (500-449 BC). Later, Alexandrian scholars divided G.’s work into 9 books according to the number of muses, each book was named after one of the muses.
The Muses are the daughters of Zeus, to whom Herodotus figuratively dedicated his works. The main idea of G. “History” is the struggle of the Greek world with the Eastern world. G. Lydia, Midia.
He skillfully described the history, natural conditions and complex life of the Achaemenid state, the past of its inhabitants, religion, unique customs and cultural monuments, and extensively analyzed historical events. In the 5th book of the work, G. began to describe his main goal – the history of the Greco-Persian wars.
The life and lifestyle of the Scythians was first described in the ancient literature in the work of G. In particular, G. gave detailed information about the Massagets who lived in Central Asia, and skillfully described the battle of the Massaget queen Tomaris with the Achaemenid king Cyrus II. Herodotus’ work contains valuable information about Greece, Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Babylon, Iran, Turan and other countries. Herodotus He also collected information about the Greco-Persian war.
The great historian will read his work for the first time during the Olympic Games. He traveled to Egypt, Babylon, Syria, Asia Minor, and countries along the Black Sea coast in 455-477 BC. In general, Herodotus provides valuable information about the peoples of the world in his “History”. Present-day Afghanistan regions in Central Asia, population of Uzbekistan, countries in the southern parts of Europe, Italy, Greece, Iran in Western Asia.
The great Greek historian Herodotus. avv. He died in 425.
Ilyasova Nozikhan, a student of the Faculty of History of Tashkent State
Pedagogical University named after Nizami
References:
- Huntington “Stopknoveniye civilization” Polis//
Semenoz.Y.N “Social philosophy”
Sorokin.P “Man, civilization, society
- S. Pilye. “History of Philosophy” T. “East” – 2002
Toynbee. Postijeniye istorii M 1991
Kabirov “History of the Ancient World”
https://cyberleninka.ru
https://oefen.uz
https:arxiv.uz
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