Abstract: In this article, the psychology of young and future pedagogical abilities, its content, types of pedagogical abilities and their role in teachers, students and society, some rules regarding the manifestation of pedagogical abilities in teachers are presented.
Key words: ability, pedagogical ability, didactic ability, academic ability, perseotive ability, pedagogical imagination, organization, individuality, emotional will.
Educating a person to the level of a well-rounded person is an extremely complex process, and mature people of society have been involved in this activity since ancient times. This situation means that the organization and content of the education of the young generation is important in determining not only the development of the individual, but also the development of the society. At the same time, all necessary conditions are being created to increase the development of the society. The activity of pedagogues has a special place in the formation of these activities.
The term pedagogue is ancient and comes from the Greek word “paydogogos” meaning “child leader”. According to historical sources, in ancient Greece, the educator who took the master’s children for walks, took care of them, and taught them military skills, i.e. slaves, was called “pedagogue”. Later, people who were specially trained and became pedagogues were called “pedagogues”.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan, pedagogues are treated as the main means of forming a well-rounded individual’s spirituality. The pedagogue studies the laws, structure and mechanisms of the educational process, determines the content and principles of educational and educational work, the form, method and methods of their organization. Educating and teaching the person is the main function of the Pedagogue. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, special attention is paid to the activities of teachers, and many conditions have been created for them to carry out their activities widely. This is also confirmed by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “ON THE STATUS OF THE TEACHER”, adopted by the Legislative Chamber on August 1, 2023 and approved by the Senate on September 29, 2023. This law consists of 22 articles, which show different characteristics of pedagogues, such as their activities, rights, and status. Let’s take item 1 as an example.
Article 1. Legislation on the status of a teacher
The legislation on the status of a teacher consists of this Law and other legal documents. If the international agreement of the Republic of Uzbekistan stipulates different rules than those stipulated in the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the status of a pedagogue, the rules of the international agreement shall be applied.
At the same time, the teacher should support the formation and re-transformation of the individual and manage his mental, emotional and physical development and formation process. The following can be included in the characteristics of the pedagogical activity:
Creation of knowledge, production, i.e. conducting research, preparation of developments;
Control of knowledge at all stages of the educational process;
Dissemination of knowledge through the preparation of textbooks and other teaching methodical materials and scientific articles;
Education of students, formation and development of their personality.
All the listed characteristics of the pedagogical activity are equally important and they are implemented in mutual relation. Along with these, the ability of a pedagogue has a special place. One of the important aspects of a teacher’s activity is pedagogical ability.
Pedagogical ability is one of the types of ability that determines a person’s suitability for pedagogical activity and the ability to successfully engage in this activity. Many years of research have shown that pedagogical skills consist of complex multifaceted psychological knowledge. The great scientist F.N. Gonobolin proposes to divide pedagogical skills into the following types: 1) didactic skills; 2) academic abilities; 3) perceptual abilities; 4) speech skills; 5) organizational skills; 6) authoritarian skills; 7) communicative abilities; 8) pedagogical imagination; 9) the ability to divide attention. Didactic abilities. This is the ability to easily and clearly explain the educational material to the child, to arouse interest in science in children, and to awaken independent active thinking in them. A teacher with didactic skills makes any difficult textbooks easier, and the most complex ones simple, in any situation, so that students can understand them
Academic abilities.- are abilities specific to mathematics, physics, biology, native language, literature, history and other similar fields of science. A teacher with this ability not only focuses on one subject, but also constantly monitors the achievements and discoveries achieved in this case, and conducts a comprehensive lesson based on modern methods in an unconventional way, expanding the educational material.
Perspective skills are the ability to be psychologically observant, to take into account the individual psychological characteristics of the student, and to be able to understand the nuances of the student’s mental state.
Speech ability is the ability of a person to clearly and clearly express his feelings with the help of speech, at the same time, with the help of facial expressions and facial expressions. This is one of the most important features of the teaching profession. The teacher’s speech, his pronunciation should be clear, simple and understandable for students. The speech of a competent teacher is vivid, figurative, clear, intonation and expressive, full of emotions, and there should be absolutely no stylistic and grammatical errors. Organizational ability is, firstly, the ability to organize a group of students, and secondly, the ability to properly organize one’s own work. A teacher’s ability to organize his work means that he can plan and control his work as a trio. During 10, 20, 30 and other minutes of the lesson, experienced teachers give advice on how to prepare additional materials for use in case of unexpected time increase or what material can be left for the next lesson if there is enough time.
Authoritative ability is the ability to directly affect students emotionally and voluntarily and to gain their reputation. F.N. Gonobolin provides excellent information about the stages of formation of pedagogical skills, features and properties.
Communicative ability is the ability to communicate with children, to be able to find the right way to approach students, to have a pedagogical tact to establish appropriate interaction with them from a pedagogical point of view.
Psychologist I.V. Strakhov made a great contribution to the study of pedagogical tact psychology. One of the obvious manifestations of pedagogical tact is to be able to feel the measures applied to any pedagogical effect. A resourceful teacher pays attention to children and looks at them intelligently, taking into account their individual psychological characteristics.
Pedagogical imagination is the ability of a person to foresee the result of his actions in designing the personality of students from the educational side.
The ability to divide attention – this ability is manifested in the ability to focus on several activities at the same time, and is of great importance in the work of a teacher.
In addition to the abilities mentioned above, a teacher should have a number of positive qualities such as striving for a goal, perseverance, hard work, and humility. It is important for the teacher to be able to control himself.
In conclusion, it should be said that the abilities of a pedagogue that correspond to all positive universal moral norms are of great importance. If we consider the following abilities, these are all very important factors. And all of these abilities are the abilities that a pedagogue needs, and it is no exaggeration to say that any pedagogue with these abilities is a perfect pedagogue, and they can find their place in any situation and find a solution to any problem situation.
REFERENCES:
- Sh.A. Dostmuhamedova, X.A. Tillashaykhova “General psychology (age periods and pedagogical psychology)” Tashkent 2020
- Torakulov Dildora Shukurjon girl “Types of pedagogical abilities and their classification”
Mary Karau Ngethe