Allayorova Shaxnoza Primkulovna
In modern linguistics, the notion periphrasis is understood traditionally, as being one of the most complicated phenomenon and stylistic device. Its chief aim is to clarify the attributes and qualities of an object and convey it in roundabout words. During the research period, various variants of periphrasis were analyzed, which can be classified according to some criteria
L.V. Grehneva classifies periphrasis tools of objects of periphrasis, in the frame of thematic typology they are the followings
– proper names- names/surnames of people, also fictional, pet nicknames (appellate periphrasis)
e.g. It has given Dumbledore’s favorite a false sense of security. In this example the author is accepting appellate periphrasis of Dumbledore’s favorite point Harry Potter.
– names of geographical places(toponyms)
The Big Apple. The dream of every lad that ever threw a leg over a thoroughbred and the goal of all horsemen. There’s only one Big Apple. That’s New York.
The Bayou City – Houston
The chief part of the research of I.R.Galperin subdivides periphrasis expressions into original and traditional ones
-original periphrasis (author’s, invented by the writer)
e.g. I suspect the apricot is the king of fruit.
-traditional periphrasis (which are understood without any links to the context, and they do not demand further explanations)
Gentleman of the long robe (lawyer);
Gentleman in black velvet (mole);
Gentleman of the road (traveling salesman).
Corresponding periphrasis of traditional type are synonyms of the words in brackets.
Linguistic scholar T.V. Lyskova classifies the periphrasis in her article “Classification of Periphrasis Meanings and the Aspect of Denotative-Semantic Correlations” according to principles of denotative semantic characteristics.
- Genus-species correlation worker under the ground(cashier in the subway), white powder (narcotic), blue planet( the earth), great tree (Greek nut tree);
- Identifying correlation author of Sherlock Holmes (Arthur Conan Doyle), the first cosmonaut of the Earth (Yuliy Gagarin), jealous moor (Othello), the land of the rising sun (Japan), homeland of tennis (England);
- Expressive correlation magic on the wheels (automobile Body), pen master(writer, poet), sandy beauty (castles from sand), men of the words (Chexov, Tolstoy)
- Correlation of semantic compatibility swimming hotel(steamer), house on the water (yacht), swimming ice mountain(iceberg), air vehicle(airplane),
- Metonymic correlation green caps (border guards), blue screen (television), shaolin fist (Derrik Rossi), keen eye (sniper);
- Metaphorical correlation gas princess (Yuliya Timoshenko), queen of opera(Irina Arhipova), iron bird (plane), green meat (nettle), Italian rocket (Ferrari).
In conclusion, Scientists L.V. Grehneva, I.R. Galperin and T.V. Lyskova defined the functions of periphrasis as following that it describes the objects, enriches both spoken and written discourse, names the subjects and objects in the text.
Allayorova Shaxnoza Primkulovna
JSPU, Uzbekistan
Allayorova Shahnoza Primkulovna, is a teacher of the Department of Theory and Practice of the English Language, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Jizzakh State Pedagogical University. She is the author of more than 25 scientific works and have been participating in various international and national conferences.
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