By: Pardabayeva Adiba
ABSTRACT:
This article describes the life and creative ways of Abulqasim Firdavsi, a comprehensive and profound scholar, as well as their analysis.
KEY WORDS: Firdawsi, hakim, gardener, Mahmud Ghaznavi, Shahnama, words of wisdom
The great poet Abulqasim Firdavsi was born in a poor family in the city of Tus, Khorasan region.
Firdausi became a comprehensive and profound scholar. That is why they praised him as “judge” and “sage”. During the flowering period of the poet’s creativity, he lived and created in the city of Ghazna (present-day Afghanistan) in the palace of the Turkish sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi.
Firdausi wrote the famous Shahnama dedicated to Mahmud Ghaznavi. But this work was not appreciated enough by Mahmud Ghaznavi.
It is said that Sultan Ghaznavi promised to give one gold coin for each stanza of Firdausi’s “Shahnama” to be written. After the work of 60,000 verses is ready, Ghaznavi returns from his promise. All the coins that Ghaznavi sent to Firdausi through the caravan turned out to be silver.
The poet, deeply offended by this, distributes some of the coins to those in the caravan, and the other to the porters. And with all the remaining coins, he buys drinks. His actions were a clear expression of protest against the ruler. Sultan Ghaznavid ordered to punish the poet by throwing him under the feet of an elephant. Firdausi is forced to leave his birthplace and live in exile.
Ferdowsi’s wisdom is very comprehensive. For example:
– The bad thing about a word is that it is canceled without being followed.
In fact, everyone knows how to talk and make promises. Sometimes words and phrases spoken in languages remain only in languages. The writer wants to point to this, that is, he says that you should always go over what you say, always follow what you say. If you don’t act, it’s the biggest disservice you’ve done to yourself.
Or,
– If you do not listen to the words of the wise,
You are the most ignorant if you don’t know.
In this wise word, we should listen to every rebuke, every word and advice of wise men, old people, teachers, our elders in our house – all our old people. It is not for nothing that the proverb “What an old man knows, a fairy does not know” is said in our people. If you do not listen to the words of our elders, then you are the most ignorant person in the world!
Another one of his words of wisdom that caught my attention:
– Have you listened to these words of a wise man? He teaches those who love the truth: “He who steps without thinking and makes a mistake will regret it. He becomes a fool in the eyes of the wise, and a stranger in the eyes of his loved ones.”
Firdavsi 30 years on “Shahnoma” written with high skill, the history of nearly 4 thousand years of Iranian and Turanian peoples. worked more than The researchers divide the work into 3 parts: the 1st part is the longest. legends are reworked and spun into poetry, while in the 2nd section narratives and stories about folk heroes are artistically interpreted. Chapter 3 describes the life of historical branches. “Shahnama” is the oldest. beginning with the Sassanid king Yazdigard III and ending with the Arab invasion of Iran. “Shahnoma” is the largest epic work in world literature in terms of size (contains 60,000 bytes), the scope of the theme, the world of images, the number and variety of characters, ideological motives and raised issues. More than a thousand big and small characters participate in this work consisting of more than 100 epics.
The main idea of ”Shahnoma” is to glorify the motherland, show the power and intelligence of the people, praise the children of the nation and thereby call them to unity and build a centralized state, praise patriotism, humanitarianism, hard work and love of peace, goodness, nobility, honesty, courage, glorifying labor and condemning bloody wars, evil, oppressive oppression, injustice, and hypocrisy. Heroes like Rustam, Sohrob, Siyovush, Bijan, Zoli Zar, Sudoba, Gudarz, Gev, Tuye, Hajir, Gurdofarid, Humoy, Manija fight for the celebration of justice on earth. In the epics “Zol and Sudoba”, “Bijan and Manija” the ideas of true internationalism are put forward. In the epics “Isfandiyar”, “Shoghod”, and “Twelve battles”, the tyrant and conspiratorial kings and generals who threaten the integrity of the country and light the fire of war are sharply condemned. In the epic “Siovush” the issue of war and peace is artistically interpreted.
The writer is a Termiz State Pedagogical Institute, Faculty of Philology, Uzbek language and literature, 2nd stage student Pardabayeva Adiba
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