Importance Of Biological Methods In Efficient Use Of Agricultural Lands
Agricultural lands
By: Eshnazarov Azamat Abdurashid O‘G‘Li
Worth Noting:
- In this regard, in the context of the growing shortage of water resources in our republic, in order to mitigate its negative consequences, it is advisable to conduct scientific research on their use in irrigated agriculture based on improving the use of biological methods in the reuse of collector waters is considered urgent.
- The purpose of this study is to increase the mass production of high-water plants – Azolla caroliniana Willd., Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes Solms, to develop a technology for accelerating the process of recovery and purification and reuse of purified water (discharge directly into open water bodies). reservoirs, crop irrigation, fisheries, manufacturing, both technical reuse of water and b.) is to determine the methods. Object and research methods.
Abstract. The article presents the biological properties and distribution of pistia (Pistia stratiotes L), azolla (Azolla caroliniana Willd), duckweed (Lemna minor L) from aquatic plants. Information is given on the level of water mineralization reduction due to the growth, development, reproduction of aquatic plants in collector wastewater.
Key words: High water plants, Pistia stratiotes L., Azolla (Azolla caroliniana Willd), duckweed (Lemna minor L.), reproduction, biomass.
To come in. Many studies have been carried out on the irrigation of crops with saline-mineralized water, its effect on productivity and soil properties. Now the demand for water is different, and countless newly developed lands need more water.
Therefore, scientists and production workers are constantly working on the possibility of using mineralized waters in agriculture.About how to use mineralized water in our republic Mirzazhonov K.M., Bespalov N.F., Ibragimov G.A., Khamidov M.Kh., Baisenboev K.M., Shakhin D.D. Umarova, S.B. Buriev, N.E. Malaboev and abroad D. Balla, M.F. Kader, Budanov, A.P. Mozheiko, T.K. Vorotnik, Z.A. Richard, Wedding B., Tondersky conducted extensive scientific research.
Relevance of the topic. Today, large-scale measures are being taken in our republic to improve the reclamation of irrigated lands, increase soil fertility, the effective use of available water resources in conditions of low water, and the formation of additional water sources.
As a result of these activities to date: 38863 km. extended collector-drainage networks, 52 reclamation pumping stations, 1344 reclamation vertical wells were repaired and restored. 13.2 thousand hectares. drop by drop, 16.8 thousand hectares. Instead of wells, irrigation methods using portable flexible pipes were introduced, resulting in 1 million cubic meters. 200 thousand hectares improved land reclamation has been achieved.
In the Action Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021, further improvement of the reclamation state of irrigated lands, development of a network of reclamation and irrigation facilities, intensive methods of agricultural production, first of all, modern agricultural technologies, water saving and resources, special attention is paid to widespread implementation.
In the practice of irrigated agriculture in the world (USA, China, India, Israel, etc.), in conditions of low water, the use of scientifically based irrigation methods when irrigating crops, as an additional source of water, from the collector – acidic waters with low salinity and wastewater due to their river water is saved, and crop yields can be increased by 10-15 percent.
In this regard, in the context of the growing shortage of water resources in our republic, in order to mitigate its negative consequences, it is advisable to conduct scientific research on their use in irrigated agriculture based on improving the use of biological methods in the reuse of collector waters is considered urgent.
The purpose of this study is to increase the mass production of high-water plants – Azolla caroliniana Willd., Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes Solms, to develop a technology for accelerating the process of recovery and purification and reuse of purified water (discharge directly into open water bodies). reservoirs, crop irrigation, fisheries, manufacturing, both technical reuse of water and b.) is to determine the methods. Object and research methods.
Azolla caroliniana Willd., Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes Solms.. Azolla caroliniana Willd., pistia (Pistia stratiotes L.) and eichhornia (Eichhornia crassipes Solms.) and subtropical countries (Makhlin and Surovaya, 1978; Grudzinskaya, 1982; Stupina, 1978). Currently, these plants are introduced in the conditions of Uzbekistan, and some of them are expanding their range in open water bodies (Shoyakubov, 1987; Dosmetov, 2003; Shoyakubov, Kutliev, Khaidarova, Dzhumaniyazova, 1988). Pistia -Pistia stratiotes L. (water cabbage) .
Its homeland is the tropical regions of Africa.Пистия — одно из удивительных плавающих растений. Pistia – forms a large rosette of wavy green-yellow leaves. The height of an adult pistachio plant in the conditions of Uzbekistan reaches 20-40 cm. The stem is short – 5-8 cm, the leaves are boat-shaped (15-22 cm long) (Fig. 1). Pistachio is propagated both by seeds and vegetatively, but more often – vegetatively.
Pistachio grown on wastewater from livestock complexes and industrial enterprises gives a large amount of biomass (1 kg / m2 per day or more).Mass flowering of the plant and the ripening of its seeds is observed in the warm period (June-August). In autumn, there are few seeds and they do not have time to ripen.
The pistachio flower is a cone, with a male flower at the top and a female flower at the bottom. Pistia self-pollinates hydrophilically (autogamy). In some cases, external pollination (xenogamy) and pollination by entomophily in the same plant (geitenogamy) also take place.
The root system is pubescent, the roots, consisting of many young roots with long cilia, are pale in color and reach a length of 50-60 cm. The stem is short, the leaves are boat-shaped, and the leaves at the root form a thick tuber.
The upper part of the leaves is lanceolate, green, with 9-12 convex veins. The reason it stays on the surface of the water easily is because the leaves are made up of cloudy (porous) tissue and have air-filled cavities. In the open ground it blooms from late May to November, and in greenhouses it blooms all year round. Пистия размножается вегетативно с помощью столона, который образуется в пазухах листьев. На краю столонов образуется новый нарост. A young plant usually has 4 leaves per growth cone. During the growing season, 4-5 circles can form on one plant.
Carolina Azolla – Azolla caroliniana Willd
Its homeland is North America, it is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Azolla is a cuttlefish that forms beautiful green islands floating on the surface of the water. There are 25 known fossil species of Azolla. Currently, there are 6 species of the Azolla family, which belong to 2 subfamilies – Euazolla and Rhizosperma. They differ from each other in the morphology of the reproductive organs.
The obtained results and their analysis: Pistia (Pistia stratiotes L), duckweed (Lemna minor L), Azolla (Azolla Caroliniana Willd) were taken from the collector waters of the Gulistan massif of the Mirishkor district of the Kashkadarya region as an object of study.
In this regard, experiments were carried out to reduce the mineralization of water and obtain a large amount of biomass by growing plants of pistia (Pistia stratiotes L), duckweed (Lemna minor L) and azolla (Azolla Caroliniana Willd) in wastewater leaving the collector.Physical properties and chemical composition of wastewater Yu.Yu. Lurie (1984), T.T. Taubaev (1970), V.M. Katanskaya (1981) and I.A. The methods of Beideman (1974) have been used. AM. Muzaffarov, R.S. Shoyagubov, O.A. Ashurmetov, S.B. In practice, the nutrients recommended by Boriev were used.
Summary: As a result of the experiments, plants of Pistia stratiotes L, duckweed (Lemna minor L) and Azolla (Azolla Caroliniana Willd) actively developed and produced a large amount of nutrient-rich biomass in the waters of the Zovur collector. . Plants of Pistia (Pistia stratiotes L), duckweed (Lemna minor L), Azolla (Azolla Caroliniana Willd) are able to reduce the mineralization of collector water and enrich it with oxygen dissolved in water and purify water from organo-mineral substances up to 90-95% was determined. Treated waste water was used as secondary water for crop irrigation. It has been established that the obtained green biomass can be used as feed in fisheries, poultry and livestock.
Eshnazarov Azamat Abdurashid O‘G‘Li is a Student of Karshi institute of irrigation and agrotechnologies of the national research university “TIIAME”
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