The Essence Of The History Of The Turkic Peoples In Central Asia
Mirsaidova Ozoda
By: Mirsaidova Ozoda
Worth Noting:
- Today there are many peoples of European origin in Central Asia, most of them live in Kazakhstan 7 million Russians and 500,000 Ukrainians in the region. Although the contribution of Central Asia in world history was underestimated during the period of Orientalism, today’s historiography recognizes the “central” importance of the history of Central Asia.
- The history of Central Asia is determined by the climate and geography of the region. The aridity of the region’s climate made agriculture difficult, while the remote location from the seas made the region’s trade relations difficult.
The Turkic peoples are a group of Turkic-speaking peoples living in northern and central Eurasia. These peoples have more or less common culture and traditions. Turkic peoples do not belong to a certain race; the element that connects them is mainly the Turkic clans and languages that are located in their ethnogenesis.
In the pre-Islamic period and during the introduction of Islam to the region, peoples who spoke the Iranian language and had culture lived in Central Asia. Bactrians, Sogds, Khorezms and semi-nomadic Scythians and Dakhs lived in the region.
With the migration of Turkic peoples, Central Asia gradually became the homeland of Turkic peoples such as Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Tatars, Turkmens, Kyrgyz and Uighurs. With the exception of Tajikistan, the Iranian languages used in the region were replaced by Turkic languages.
Historically, Central Asia was connected to the Great Silk Road and served as a crossroads for the exchange of people, goods and ideas between Europe and the Far East. Most of the countries of Central Asia are still an important component of the world economy today.
From the end of the 19th century to the end of the 20th century, Central Asia was colonized by the Russians. The region was first incorporated into the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union, which led to the migration of Russians and other Slavic peoples to the region.
Today there are many peoples of European origin in Central Asia; most of them live in Kazakhstan 7 million Russians and 500,000 Ukrainians in the region. Although the contribution of Central Asia in world history was underestimated during the period of Orientalism, today’s historiography recognizes the “central” importance of the history of Central Asia.
The history of Central Asia is determined by the climate and geography of the region. The aridity of the region’s climate made agriculture difficult, while the remote location from the seas made the region’s trade relations difficult.
For this reason, there are a number of large cities in the region, and the region has been under the rule of steppe nomadic tribes for thousands of years. Relations between nomadic tribes and settled peoples in Central Asia have been hostile for a long time. Despite the fact that the nomadic way of life was very suitable for the military and lacked internal organization, nomadic steppe peoples formed the most powerful military force in the world for a long time.
If internal organization among them was sometimes achieved, it was also due to the Great Silk Road passing through Central Asia. Throughout history, sometimes great leaders, or historical circumstances, would cause several tribes to unite into a single force that would later become an almost unstoppable force.
Examples of these are the Huns who invaded Europe, the Five Barbarians in Ancient China, and especially the Mongols who conquered a large part of Eurasia. Before Islam and in the early periods of Islam, peoples speaking Iranian languages lived in Central Asia. Among the oldest Iranian peoples, the Sogds and the Khorezms lived a settled life, while Iranian tribes such as the Scythians and later the Alans lived a nomadic or semi-nomadic life.
The main migration wave of the Turkic peoples took place between the 6th and 11th centuries, during which the Turkic peoples spread to almost all parts of Central Asia. In the steppes of Eurasia, instead of the Iranian peoples who speak Indo-European languages, groups with origins in East Asia and Mongolia began to gain a dominant position.
By the 8th century, the Arab caliphate and Islam entered the region, but the population demographics did not significantly affect the condition. The conquest of the region by Mongol tribes in the 13th century caused great demographic changes in the region, but did not affect the cultural or linguistic status of the peoples
Mirsaidova Ozoda, a student of the 2nd stage of Anthropology and Ethnology, Faculty of Eastern Civilization and History, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies
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