Izzatilloyeva Dilshoda G'ayratovna
By: Izzatilloyeva Dilshoda G’ayratovna
Abstract: This article provides information about the causes of increased blood glucose levels, their maintenance in the normal range, and treatment methods, which are currently observed due to malnutrition and decreased metabolic activity.
Keywords: Diabetes, glucose, insulin, fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (also known as “sugar disease” among the people) is a disease that occurs as a result of impaired carbohydrate and water metabolism in the body. It is a consequence of impaired pancreatic function. The pancreas produces the hormone insulin. Insulin is involved in the processing of sugar. Without this hormone, the body cannot maintain the level of glucose in the blood within the normal range and its level rises.
Main part: The symptoms of the disease develop gradually and begin to appear slowly. Mainly, a high level of glucose in the blood is observed.
When the disease begins to appear in patients, the following symptoms are recorded:
* Constant dryness of the mouth;
* Unquenchable thirst;
* Increased daily urine output;
* Weight loss or sudden weight gain;
* Severe itching and dryness of the skin;
* The appearance of purulent sores on the skin and soft tissues;
* Muscle weakness and excessive sweating;
* Difficulty healing of any wounds.
It is recommended to see a doctor when these signs occur. The disease can leave serious complications and lead to a coma. The following can be given as examples of complications of the disease:
* Visual impairment;
* Headache and decreased mental activity;
* Heartache, enlargement of the liver;
* Pain in the legs and impaired walking;
* Decreased sensitivity in the skin, especially in the legs;
* The appearance of ulcers;
* Increased blood pressure;
* Swelling of the face and legs;
* The smell of acetone from the patient;
* Dizziness.
CAUSES
The main causes of the development of the disease are the following:
* Heredity. Of course, the disease does not develop without influencing factors, but the predisposition is high.
* Obesity. Overweight leads to the formation of type 2 diabetes.
* Diseases. Diseases that lead to damage to the beta cells responsible for insulin production. These include pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and diseases of other endocrine glands.
* Viral infections (measles, chickenpox, infectious hepatitis, and other diseases). These infections contribute to the development of diabetes. Especially for people at risk.
* Nervousness, stress. It is recommended to stay away from stress and nervousness.
* Age. With age, the risk of developing diabetes doubles every ten years
1-TIP DIABET
It is also called insulin-dependent diabetes. Mostly young people, under 40 years old, thin people suffer. The disease is severe, insulin is given for treatment.
Cause: the body produces antibodies that destroy the cells of the pancreas.
Diabetes of the 1st type cannot be completely cured, but in some cases, if the gland function is kept normal and a diet is followed, the disease does not bother the patient too much. Continuous administration of artificial insulin is required. Since insulin is broken down in the gastrointestinal tract, it is administered only by injection during meals. It is shown to strictly adhere to a diet, completely excluding easily digestible carbohydrates (sugar, sweets, fruit juices) from the diet.
2-TIP DIABET
This is called insulin-independent diabetes. Mostly older people, fuller, over 40 years old suffer.
Cause: the cells lose their susceptibility to insulin due to an abundance of nutrients. Insulin is not always needed to treat the disease. Only a qualified doctor can determine the treatment regimen.
First of all, a diet is prescribed for such patients. Following the doctor’s recommendations is of great importance. It is recommended to gradually lose body weight until it returns to normal, 2-3 kg per month. If the diet is not followed, drugs that lower blood sugar levels are prescribed, and in the most severe cases, insulin is prescribed.
Conclusion:
There are four ways to treat diabetes. The first is diet, the second is physical activity, when physical activity, glucose is burned without insulin. When the power of diet and physical activity is not enough, sugar-lowering drugs and insulin are used. One of the most important treatments is to educate diabetic patients, they should learn to self-monitor. The task of a diabetic patient is to be able to control their own sugar. A diabetic patient will not always have a doctor in front of them. Whether they go to a polyclinic once a month or not, or whether they lie in a hospital for a week or not, this is also doubtful. However, their sugar changes several times a day. This depends on the food they eat, the activity they do, as well as the environment around them.
Izzatilloyeva Dilshoda G’ayratovna was born on June 10, 2004, in Romitan district, Bukhara region. She is a 4th-year student in the Faculty of Medicine at Bukhara State Medical Institute, Turkey branch, specializing in General Medicine.
References:
1). Ichki kasalliklar Abdugʻaffor Gadayev.
2). Qandli DIABET kasalliklari – I.R. Agababyan, Sh.X. Ziyadullaeva, J.A. Ismailov, N.M. Djabbarova.
3). Buyrak kasalliklari patomorfologiyasi – Z.E. Jumanov, J.M. Ismoilov.
4). Ichki kasalliklar – Y. Arslonov, T. Nazarov.
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