Temirov Asilbek Davlatbek
By: Temirov Asilbek Davlatbek
Annotation: This article state that education begins with the family, the root of education is parents, and that children try to follow the example of their parents, and that they are in harmony with the spiritual and moral upbringing of students in educational institutions, schools, and other places where they share knowledge.
Spiritual and moral education and the requirements for it is a consistent and systematic influence on the minds, emotions and behavior of students in order to form moral services in accordance with certain social and moral requirements in society.
The tasks of spiritual and moral education are as follows:
- Formation of spiritual and moral consciousness of students.
- Education and development of spiritual and moral feelings in them.
- Formation of spiritual and moral behavior skills and habits in students.
Also, the student must have a need to develop spiritual and moral qualities. So, the activities organized in the process of organizing spiritual and moral education consist of a chain of behavior related to behavior. Spiritual and moral behavior consists of learning the essence of moral norms and principles by the student and realizing them. The fate of a person, his future success or failure, his happiness or unhappiness, his choice of profession, even his mood, his family life. is related to the environment. The fate of the family depends on the person himself. It is an ancient fact that the moral image of society depends on the type of families. Because the family is a socio-spiritual link of the society, a small representative, and the present day and the future of our nation are built on the family ground. If there is discipline in the family, its members transfer these qualities to the service process and use them in social work activities. This causes them to perform their duties at a high level.
The family is built on the basis of morality, politeness, hard work, it is very important in relations and communication between people, and it is of particular importance in the character and behavior of a person. If a family brings up their child in the spirit of love and loyalty to the Motherland, this feeling will accompany him throughout his life. President Sh.M. Mirziyoyev said, “The most important condition for the stable and rapid development of the country is to educate well-rounded, goal-oriented and energetic young people who have modern knowledge and skills and can take responsibility for the country’s worthy future[1].” In the legacy of Eastern thinkers, the issues of education, especially family upbringing, are given a wide place. They considered the education of children to be the main criterion that determines the fate of the society and the future of the nation. At the heart of their pedagogical views is the idea of a perfect human being as a social ideal.
They dwell on the interaction of social and biological aspects in upbringing, and raise issues such as the fact that heredity and environmental influence are the same in upbringing, and the unity of physical and mental health.
Their ideas about the unity of mental, labor, moral, aesthetic and physical education and ways of their implementation and about raising children in the family cover many aspects of these problems and they form a system of views on a certain educational science. One of such masterpieces is “Family” by A. Fitrat.
In particular, A. Fitrat in his work emphasizes the importance of mental education, physical education and moral education in child education [2]. The most important of these three forms of education is moral education. You can train your child mentally and physically as much as you want, and make him wise and strong as long as you can[3]. But if the moral education is not up to the required level, he uses his mind and physical strength to the detriment of himself or those around him. Therefore, he emphasizes that it is necessary to seriously engage in the moral education of the child so that the mental and physical education of the child does not become ineffective, – A. Fitrat. Moral education means perfecting human morals, that is, it is necessary to educate a person in such a way that his actions and deeds are beneficial to himself and others. In other words, it means cultivating good qualities in a person’s actions and actions. The current new stage of our country’s development reveals modern criteria for using national values in family education. These criteria are expressed in concepts such as patriotism, national pride, national consciousness, national self-awareness, national thinking, national education, and they ensure that the educational process is focused on a specific goal for today’s development [4].
Abdurauf Fitrat considers moral education as the third level of education after physical and mental education, and he proposes the following system of its implementation: “To make a person a perfect, beautiful moral owner, a useful member of society”[5].
Explaining moral rules to the child through stories. A. Fitrat recommends the essays and stories of Shaykh Muslihiddin Sa’di (XIII century), in his works “Gulistan” and “Boston” he explains the rules of ethics by means of small stories [6].
The educator himself should be an example. An educator’s words and actions should be in harmony, and he should be an example and example to everyone with his actions. In the scientific studies carried out in this regard, “example plays an important role in the spiritual and moral maturity of a person, not only advice, sermons and sermons shape human character, but attitude and example” [7], including moral consciousness, moral behavior actions and moral attitudes are perceived in harmony.
Taking into account a certain social system and environment while pointing out the badness of the bad and highlighting the goodness of the good, that is, moral education stabilizes the spiritual and moral environment to a certain extent with its real reality and practical aspects. Therefore, ensuring the functionality of the conscious and purposeful conduct of moral education is the basis for the formation of good morals in a person. Systematic analysis of certain spiritual and moral qualities has a developing effect on the development of the spiritual and moral environment of society. In particular, Karam means generosity, kindness. It is to be honest and pure, hardworking, kind and live according to the dictates of conscience. Kindness encompasses such human qualities as spiritual and moral purification, giving charity to the disabled, orphans, doing good, cheering them up, and providing material support. A. Fitrat explains it as “doing good to people and raising the nation”[8]
Loyalty means using our rights, fulfilling all our duties and responsibilities worthy of the status of a human being. Loyalty as a system of social ethics is a spiritual and moral factor that leads a person to happiness in two worlds. “Those who want to be respected in this world and happy in the hereafter,” writes A. Fitrat, “must develop sidq (loyalty) in themselves and make it their permanent habit.” The only controller of social relations is loyalty” [9]
Family scientists: G’.B.Shoumarov, N. Soginov, E. The Sattorovs claim that the purpose of the family is to raise a mature generation and contribute to the development of society.
Therefore, the main goal of the family is to develop the family situation, both spiritually and economically, to raise a healthy, intelligent, well-rounded child for the society. Actively participating in the eradication of evils in the society, using all the achievements in the society. As the family is a fortress, it is necessary to understand that in this fortress, one should not play hide and seek, that qualities such as sensitivity, responsibility, feeling of responsibility should replace playfulness, independence, masculinity, carelessness from youth. For this, we need to feel a sense of responsibility.
Most of the life of the young generation is spent in the family. That’s why they get acquainted with the complex problems of life in the family. Under the positive influence of existing traditions, customs, pictures and ceremonies in the family, boys and girls gradually mature. Traditions and rituals become powerful tools of education. Family education can ensure the well-being of the growing young generation only if it is in perfect harmony with social education. Achievements in family education depend on providing parents with pedagogical knowledge, sharing experiences on family education, and actively involving parents in educational work. Every parent has a deep understanding of their duties and responsibilities in raising their children.
In addition, a normal family environment, the authority of parents, the correct daily routine, and timely involvement of the child in books, studies, and work are also a guarantee of success. Thus, the role of family cooperation with the public is incomparable. Healthy ideas, political consciousness and legal culture, independent thinking, faith, and belief develop only when the family’s cooperation with the public is close. In this regard, the education of the neighborhood, grandfathers and grandmothers should be a classroom of democracy.
Navoi State Pedagogical Institute, Department of History, Department of History Teaching Methodology, Temirov Asilbek son of Davlatbek, a student of the 4th “ª” group has written scientific article on the subject.
Temirov Asilbek son of Davlatbek was born on July 25, 2002 in the village of Obdida, Kason district, Kashkadarya region. In 2009, he was admitted to the 1st grade of the 80th general secondary school in this village. In 2019, he moved to the 8th general secondary school in the Karshi city and graduated this school in 2020. In 2020, he was entered to the 1st year of the Navoi State Pedagogical Institute. He is a 4th year student of this institute at the moment.
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