Khusanova Dilnoza
By: Khusanova Dilnoza
Abstract: This article describes the role and importance of the works of Eastern scientists in the education of a well-rounded personality. In the period of today’s reforms, which have been one of the most important social requirements of all time, the importance of the moral and educational views of Eastern thinkers in the spiritual development of a person and the means of pedagogical influence have been highlighted.
Keywords: perfect person, spirituality, education, manners, culture, development, Eastern thinkers.
In new Uzbekistan, great importance has been attached to creating a healthy social and spiritual environment in the education of young people, who are the foundation of our future. Large-scale reforms and changes are being implemented in Uzbekistan. In addition, they are taking bold steps towards development by raising the morale of young people and improving their lives and livelihoods. In addition, spirituality has become a matter of state importance. When we say a spiritually healthy person, we mean not only physical health but also a person who has matured in the spirit of oriental morals and universal ideas.
Young people who have imbibed Eastern morals and universal ideas are considered highly spiritual people. This period is valuable for its all-round excellence, rich cultural heritage, national values, and the development of world-famous scholars. The contributions of Eastern thinkers to the field of spiritual culture are extremely rich and are characterized by the fact that they cover all directions of values. They are
-values associated with the formation of intellectual culture;
-moral and spiritual values;
-social and political values;
-artistic and elegant values;
-expressed in the form of religious values.
The theory and practice of medieval pedagogical ideas of culture formation relied on human forms and methods of education.
Practice was considered a means of education. This rule is especially mentioned in Ibn Sina’s medical treatises, urjuz, “Donishnama”, “Qabusnoma” by Kaikovus, “Kutadgu Bilig” by Yusuf Hos Hajib, “Gulistan”, “Boston” by Sa’di, and “City of Virtuous Men” by Al Farabi. Yusuf Khass Hajib’s “Qutadgu”, Ahmad Yugnaki’s “Hibatul Haqoyiq”, Jami’s “Bahoristan”, Kaikovus’s “Nightmare”, Alisher Navoi’s “Mahbub-ul Kulub”, and Davani’s “Akhlaqi Jalali” are healthy, and the content, ways, forms, and methods of forming a perfect person are highlighted.
One such work is “Nightmare” by Kaikovus. The book “Nightmare”, which has been a guide for preparing 49 people for life and practical activities for nearly a thousand years, is gaining an important place in bringing people to spiritual maturity in the current era of change. In the work “Nightmare” by Kaikovus, it is mentioned that the most important thing in the education of youth is the education of high morals. He wants to include in his essays such qualities as humane treatment, fairness, sincerity, generosity, and courage, and he tries to realize this noble goal from the beginning to the end of the work.
Davani’s works, such as “Akhloqi Jalali,” highlight the content, ways, forms, and methods of forming a healthy and well-rounded person.
Alisher Navoi repeatedly referred to the idea of a perfect person in his works. In his epic “Astonishment of the Nice People ” qualities such as goodness, generosity, purity, modesty, kindness, thoughtfulness, manners, modesty, loyalty, contentment, honesty, honesty, justice, and tolerance of a mature person are described, and the ways of spiritual perfection are analyzed.
Imam Bukhari explained the role of morality in the growth of a spiritual person by saying, “Good morals, purity of food, honesty, and not betraying trust—these four qualities may be given to you by Allah Almighty, even if you stay away from worldly affairs.”
Voiz Koshifi said: “The value of a person is not measured by his property or social origin, but by his spiritual appearance and moral qualities.” According to Voiz Al-Koshifi, it is possible to re-educate a person through education and training. According to his pedagogical views, Koshifi pays special attention to the issue of developing children’s ability to think independently. Family and the external environment play an important role in this matter. A child should be brought up to be well-behaved, truthful, and faithful to his word.
Abdulla Avlani “It is a science that calls people to goodness and repels them from evil. A book that explains the goodness of good behavior and the badness of bad behavior with evidence and examples is called ethics. Abdulla Avlani says that intelligence, knowledge, and experience are perfected. According to Avlani, knowledge is a great blessing that guides us in everything and leads to the happiness of two worlds. A person without knowledge is like a tree without fruit. The author of the work divides science into two parts: religious science and physical science. But he does not put a barrier between these names; on the contrary, he emphasizes the need to study scientific sciences such as arithmetic, geometry, history, wisdom, medicine, chemistry, and agriculture in order to become a religious person. According to the author, the progress and prosperity of every nation depend on the knowledge, enlightenment, craft, and art of the youth. Abdulla Avlani’s views in the field of education are closely connected with the mentality, lifestyle, and national values of the Uzbek people. His rich pedagogical heritage serves as a valuable resource for the development of the national school and national pedagogy. In the implementation of this education, the main responsibility depends on the didactic activity of the teacher, and a great deal of responsibility rests with the teacher. Therefore, we believe that our pedagogues will further study Avlani’s pedagogical heritage and use it in education to educate students as well-rounded people.
The action program of enlightened moderns was aimed at solving the following issues:
-establishment of new schools adapted to teaching European tribal sciences in the native language instead of medieval schools of the old method;
-reform the educational system of the time;
-to increase the literacy of the people based on the creation of new textbooks and manuals;
-development of a new Uzbek literary language; struggle for freedom of the press; creation of literature and theater understandable to the public with the intention of conveying modernist ideas to the masses;
-to change the fate of women and to carry out reforms in the family by ensuring that they also attend modern schools.
In this regard, knowledge and education are the only weapons for the moderns, and with the help of these weapons, they tried to fight for socio-economic and cultural development in the country.
Carrying out effective propaganda against various internal and external threats that threaten the stable development of Uzbekistan, values and traditions, and humanitarian ideals; in order to strengthen the ideas of creativity in the social and spiritual life of the population and to further strengthen the environment of religious tolerance and inter-ethnic harmony, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, “Additional measures to increase the effectiveness of spiritual and educational work,” Decision No. PQ-4307 “on events” was adopted.
It became clear from the above thoughts that eastern thinkers were far ahead of their time with their pedagogical views. Their views have been enriching the thinking of our ancestors for several centuries, and they have not lost their value even now. They are our spiritual values. On the basis of studying the work of our thinkers at all levels of the education system, young people are formed to love the motherland, have national pride, peace in the country, high moral qualities, and hard work. In this regard, a technological approach to the education system, new pedagogy, appropriate use of technologies, and the most advanced experiences of education are desirable.
Khusanova Dilnoza is a Student of the National University of Uzbekistan, Faculty of Social Sciences
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